Molecules and Compounds

3.1 Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Water

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3.2 Chemical Bonds

ionic bond: chemical bond formed between two oppositely charged ions that are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces

ionic compound: compound composed of cations and anions bound together by electrostatic attraction

covalent bonds: chemical bond in which two atoms share electrons that interact with the nuclei of both atoms, lowering the potential energy of each through electrostatic interactions

molecular compounds: compounds composed of two or more covalently bonded nonmetals

3.3 Representing Compounds: Chemical Formulas and Molecular Models

chemical formula: symbolic representation of a compound that indicated the elements present in the compound and the relative number of atoms of each

empirical formula: chemical formula that gives the relative number of atoms of each element in a compound

molecular formula: chemical formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of a compound

structural formula: molecular formula that uses lines to represent covalent bonds and shows how the atoms in a molecule are connected or bonded to each other

3.4 An Atomic-Level View of Elements and Compounds

atomic elements: elements that exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units

molecular elements: elements that do not normally exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units

formula unit: smallest, electricity neutral collection of ions in an ionic compound

polyatomic ion: ion composed of two or more atoms

3.5 Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Names

systematic names: an official for a compound, based on well-established rules, that can be determines by examining its chemical structure

binary compounds: contain only two different elements

oxyanions: polyatomic anion containing oxygen and another element

hydrates: ionic compound that contains a specific number of water molecules associated with each formula unit

3.6 Molecular Compounds: Formulas and Names

binary acids: an acid composed of hydrogen and a nonmetal

3.7 Summary of Inorganic Nomenclature

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3.8 Formula Mass and the Mole Concept for Compounds

formula mass: the average mass of a molecule of a compound in amu

3.9 Composition of Compounds

mass percent composition: an element’s percent-age of the total mass of a compound containing the elements

Mass percent of element X = (mass of element X in 1 mol of compound)/(mass of 1 mol of the compound)

3.10 Determining a Chemical Formula from Experimental Data

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