10/25/24 Thermodynamics

Law 1 : conservation of energy, it cannot be created or destroyed

Law 2: entropy, sort of a measure of disorder, spontaneous if a process increases the entropy of the universe 

Spontaneous in the reverse direction if it decreases the entropy of the universe

In equilibrium if it doesn’t change the entropy of the universe 

Gibbs Free Energy G = H - T S

Spontaneous if it decreases the system’s Gibbs free energy (constant tp)

Spontaneous in the reverse direction if it does the opposite

In equilibrium if the G value doesn’t change

Vapor Pressure 

Pressure of a vapor when it is in equilibrium with its vapor

H20 (l) -> H20 (g) 

Superscript o refers to 1 atm and at room temperature

Aiming to solve for when Delta G equals 0 to find the equilibrium 

More vapor pressure equations based on the delta g equation and ideal gas law

You can also compare various vapor pressure between different temperatures

Or use this equation to figure out what the vapor pressure will be at a different temperature

Essentially the Van’t Hoff equation for equilibrium constants applied to the vaporization of water

Clausius-Clapeyron equation

Boiling happens when the boiling pressure is equal to the vapor pressure

This equation could be used to calculate the boiling point of a liquid at a different pressure based on the known boiling point or not