african Americans

European explorers began arriving in areas of the

African continent below the Sahara in the middle

Of the 16th century.

Prior to their arrival, Three major empires

Arose in West Africa:

1619 - Dutch ship trades 20 Africans for supplies to Jamestown colony; they become indentured servants; free after

seven years. William Tucker, 1st African American born in

Jamestown, 1624 1661 - Virginia law decrees that African children take the status

of the mother 1664 - Maryland and Virginia law declares permanent bondage

for Africans

From 1664 - 1860: 1200 planned insurrections; 200

actual events

1800 - Gabriel Prosser

1822 - Denmark Vesey

1831 - Nat Turner

Other Forms of Resistance: Underground Railroad

Abolitionist Movement

African Colonization Society

Protests of Freedmen

1850 - Kansas - Nebraska

Compromise fails 1852 - Uncle Tom's Cabin

published by Harriet Beecher

Stowe; ignites

Anti-Slavery sentiments

🎛🎛🎛🎛🎛🎛🎛John Brown's Raid at Harper's Ferry A🎛🎛🎛🎛🎛🎛🎛1860 - Lincoln elected;
South secedes in 1861;
C
Lincoln felt that the most important goal in this confliet was to preserve the Union. European leaders believed that America's democracy was a "grand experiment". This Civil War was evidence of its failure. Lincoln was reluctant
to use African Americans as soldiers, feeling that it would increase division in
SOC 280 African Americans
the nation over the slavery issue.
On the grounds of the Massachusetts State Capital building in Boston, this Monument commemorates the Union Army Massachusetts 53rd and 54th Regiment, organized in 1863. The movie, "Glory" was made as a tribute to
their valor.

🎛🎛🎛🎛🎛🎛🎛13th Amendment ends permanent b🎛🎛🎛🎛🎛🎛🎛1866 - Civil Rights Act confers citizenship to African Americans
1868 - 14th Amendment protects Civil Rights
1870 - 15th Amendment grants voting for males
Other Factors:
Opportunities in the West expanded after Civil War
• Industrial Revolution creates opportunities for African America

Education at all levels was made available during this period. Many African American colleges and universities were established

Fisk; Tuskegee Institute; Hampton; Atlanta; Howard; Morgan

Belief that providing separate but equal public facilities assures equal access under the law, while

maintaining social distance Sanctioned by the Supreme

Court in 1896 (Plesey vs.

Ferguson) Dejure Segregation - based on

state and municipal laws

EQUALITY Booker T. Washington and

President Theodore Roosevelt • Defacto Segregation - based on

cultural norms and traditions

Northward migration;

WWl experiences create new perspectives

1919 - "Red Summer"; 26 riots between June and December

E B

369th Infantry Regiment