Quiz Questions

LM 6:

1. This area is the condensed region where ribosomes are formed

A. Nucleous

2. Microfilaments do what?

A. Provide structure to the cell, keep organelles in place and help with cyrokenisis

3. This area contains DNA plus associated with proteins

A. Chromatin

4. This phospholipid bilayer is embedded with proteins that seperate the internal contents of the cell from its surroundings

A. Plasma Membrane

5. This organelles functions is to digest food and waste material

A. Lysosomes

6. This organelle is made of fibrous proteins that hold organelles in place

A. Intermediate filaments

7. The Golgi apparatus does what?

A. responsible for sorting and modifying lipids and proteins

8. Which organelle makes lipids?

A. Soft ER

9. This organelle is the cell’s region between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope

A. Cytoplasm

10. This organelle includes the membrane enclosing the nucleus. It’s protein-lines pores allow material to move in and out

A. Nuclear envelope

11. Also known as the powerhouse

A. Mitochondria

12. This organelle is a membrane-bound sac that function in storage and transport

A. Vacuole

13. The cytoskeleton microtubles do what

A. maintains cell structure and helps organelles move around

14. This organelle is the microtubule-organizing center

A. Centrosome

15. This area is associated wirh ribosomes, makes secretory and membrane proteins

A. Rough ER

LM 5:

1. QOD

A: Every other day

2. qH

A: Every hour

3. Twice a day

A: BID

4; Every

A: Q

5: TID

A: Three Times a Day

6. PRN:

A: As Needed

7: QD:

Every day, once a day

8. Four times a day

A: QID

9: PC

A; after meal

10. NPO

A: Nothing by mouth

11. SL

A: under tongue

12. IM

A: Intramuscular

13. hs

A: before bed time

14. ac

A. After meal

15. BU

A: Behind cheek

16. PO

A: Per Oral

17. SQ

A: Subcutaneous injection

18. IV

A. Intravenous

19. C with line on top

A. with

20. X with line on top

A. except

21. P with line on top

A. After

22. a with line on top

A. before

23. S with line on top

A. without

24. The correct abbreviation for antibiotic is?

A. Abx

25. The correct medical term abbreviation for history is?

A. Hx

26. The process of producing red blood cells is known as:

A. Erythropoiesis

27. The following means “deficiency of thrombocytes” (more commonly known as low platelets count")

A. Thrombocytopenia

28. The following means “Enlargement of the heart”

A. Cardiomegaly

29. What does “emesis mean”

A. Vomiting

30. Dermo-

A. skin

31. Erythro-

A. Red

32. Psycho-

A. Mind

33. Adeno

A. Gland

34. Bio

A. Life

35. Angio-

A. blood vessel

36. Anthro-

A. Joint

37. Chondro-

A. Cartilage

38. Adipo-

A. fat

LM 6:

1. Unicellular: One cell

2. Multicellular: More than one cell

3. Organelle: Compartment or sac within a cell

4. Prokaryotic Cell: unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane bound organelle

5. Eukaryotic Cell: cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and several other membrane-bound compartments or sacs

6. Homeostasis: Level/unchanging

7. Cytoplasm: Gel/Jelly like substance that helps hold cell together

8. Cytoskeleton: Protein fibers network that collectively maintain the cell’s shape, secure some organelles in specific positions, allow cytoplasm and vesicles to moves within the cell, and enables unicellular organisms to move independently.

9. Ribosome:cellular structure that carries our protein synthesis

10. Nucleus: Cell organelle that houses the cell’s DNA and directs ribosomes and protein synthesis.

11. Nucleolus: dark staining body within the nucleus that is responsible for assembling ribosome subunits.

12. Endoplasmic Reticulum: series of interconnected membrane structures within the eukaryotic cells that collectively modify proteins and synthesize lipids

13. Golgi Apparatus: Eukaryotic organelle comprised of a series of stacked membranes that sorts, tags, and packages lipids and proteins for distribution.

14. Plasma membrane: phospholipid bilayer with embedded or attached proteins, and separates the cell’s internal content from it’s surrounding environment.

15. Vacuoles: membrane bound sac somewhat larger than a vesicle, which functions in cellular storage and transport.

16. Cell Membrane:

17. Cell Wall: rigid cell covering comprised of various molecules that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell.

18. Chromosomes: structure within the nucleus that comprises chromatin that contains DNA, the hereditary material.

19. Centrioles:

20. Chloroplast:plant cell organelles that carries out photosynthesis

21. Cytoplast:

22. Mitochondrion: Cellular organelles responsible for carrying out cellular respiration, resulting in producing ATP, the cell’s main energy carrying molecule.

23. Lysosomes: Organelle in an animal cell that function as the cell’s digestive component; it breaks down proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleid acids, and even worn out organelles.

24. Flagellum: long hair like structures that extend from the plasma membrane and moves the cell

25. RER: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: studded with ribosomes and engages in protein modification and phospholipid synthesis.

26. SER: Soft Endoplasmic Reticulum: area with few to no ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface and synthesizes carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones; detoxification certain chemicals (Like pests, preserves, meds and environmental pollutants) and stores calcium ions.

LM7:

1. These simple carbs are unable to be broken down further into smaller sugars

A. Monosaccharide

2. These monosaccharides are complex carbs that are made of chains containing hundreds of monosaccharides monomers

A. Polysaccharides

3.This is the common structural component of plant cell walls.

A. Cellulose

4. This is the primary energy storage molecule for plants

A. Starch

5. Some common examples of this macromolecule include sucrose (Grain/table sugar), lactose (milk,sugar) and maltose

A. Disaccharide

6. This macro is composed of two main components-fatty acids and glycerold

A. Fat

7. According to the lesson book, one of the most abundant organic molecule in rhe living systems are

A. Proteins

8. T/F: The most common examples of lipids include DNA and RNA

A. False

9. T/F: DNA is made up of four nucleotides, Thymine, Adenine, Guanine and Cytosine

A. True

10. T/F: The main types of proteins are neurotransmitters and hormones, which play am essemtial role in the body functions

A. False

11. T/F: Lipids are mainly composed of carbon, hydrogen, various levels of oxygen and sometimes nitrogen and phosphorus

A. True

12. Play a crutial role as the building blocks of hormones and cellular membranes, provide insulation from the enviornment, and store long-term use energy

A. Lipid

13. Contain the genetic information necessary for a living organisms growth and functioning

A. DNA

14. Is essential for proteni synthesis

A. RNA

15. Hormones coordinate different body systems activity

A. True

LM 8:

1. What is the role of ATP in the human body?

A:

2. Broken down to its basic components, glycolysis means glucose breakdown. True or false?

A: True

3. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is comprised of all of the following except?

A: Amino Acids

4. What role does catabolism play in the human body?

A; Breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecues to release energy

5. What does “anaerobic” mean?

A: Respiration occurs without the presence of oxygen

6. “within the cell”

A: Intracellular

7. hormonal control of glucose entry into the cell, enzyme reversibility or irreversibility, enzyme sensitivity to pH changes due to lactic acid build-up and …

A: feedback controls

8. What role to enzymes have in cellular metabolism?

A: Act as a chemical catalyst that accelerates chemical reaction

    9.What is relased during the Citric Acid Cycle of cellular respiration>

A: CO2

10. A cell’s ___ refers to the chemical reaction that takes place within it.

A: metabolism

11. Where does glycolysis occur during cellular respiration?

A: Cytoplasm outside the mitochondria

12. “after meal”

A: pc

13. What is not a stage of cellular respiration?

A: Lactic Acid cycle

14. An individual with mitochondrial dysfunction would have:

A: mitochondria that functions improperly

15. Anabolism is a type of __ metabolism:

A. constructive

LM 9:

1. Autocrine signaling: chemical messengers that do not travel, they send info to themselves

Endocrine Signaling: chemical messengers that travel within the blood to target a cell that is not close in proximity. Typically slower with longer lasting effects.

Direct Signaling: Cells are directly next to each other.

Intercellular signaling: communication between cells

Inhibitor: cells that block or disrupt transmission of signals between cells.

Intracellular signaling: Communication within the cell

Neurotransmitter: chemical messengers that carry signals between nerve cells, muscles, and glands

Paracrine signaling: do not travel in blood but rather diffuse other cells located closely in the same tissue.

2. What is the correct order of the stages of cell signaling?

A; Reception, Transduction, Response

3. “Aut” indicated what?

A: self

4. Cellular communication errors may lead to various forms of cancer. Myeloma indicated tumor of the myelin sheath?

A: False

5. What does recept/o mean?

A: Receives

LM 10:

1. Mitosis helps the body grow, repair tissues and replace old cells. What is it’s main purpose?

A: To create identical cells

2. Cytokinesis happens after mitosis. What is the result?

A: Two new identical cells

3. What is the stage before mitosis where a cell grows and copies its DNA?

A: Interphase

4. Ana = Up; Osis = condition; Pro = before

5. A scientist observes under a microscope. The chromosomes have split apart and are moving to opposite sides of the cell. What is she looking at?

A: Anaphase

6. At the end of mitosis, two nuclei form around the seperated chromosomes. What phase is this?

A: Telophase

7. When tumor suppressor genes stop working, cells divide too much and cause problems. What disease is linked to this uncuntrolled cell growth?

A: Cancer

8. What phase of mitosis happens first, when chromosomes condense and the nuclear membrane starts to break down?

A: Prophase

9. Cells follow a cycle of growth and division to replace old cells and help organisms grow. What is this process called?

A: Cell Cycle

10. Cells have special checkpoints to controll their growth and division. Why are these checkpoints important?

A: to make sure cell is ready to divide

11. During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes line up in the center of the cell?

A: Metaphase

LM 10:

1. Mitosis helps the body grow, repair tissue and replace old cells. What is its main purpose?

A. Mitosis

2. Cytokinesis happens after mitosis. What is the result

A. Two new identical sister cells

3. What is the stage before mitosis where a cell grows and copies its DNA

A. Interphase

4. At the end of mitosis, two new nuclei form the seperated chromosomes. What phase is this?

A. Telophase

5. When tumor suppressoe genes stop working, cells divide too much and cause problems. What disease is linked to this uncontrolled cell growth?

A. Cancer

6. What phase of mitosis happens first, when chromosomes condense and the nuclear membrane starts to break down?

A. Prophase

7. Cells follow a cycle of growth and diviosn to replace old cells and help organisms grow, What is this process called?

A. Cell cycle

8. Cells have special checkpoints to control their growth and division, Why are these checkpoints important>

A. To ensure cells are ready to divide

9. During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes line up in the center of the cell?

A. Metaphase

LM 11:

1. Bacteria come in different shapes. Some are round (cocci), some are rod-shaped (bacilli), and other are spiral (spirilla). What shape is staphylococcus aureus?

A: Round

2. Bacteria are single-celled organisms that do not have a nucleus. What type of cell are they?

A: Prokaryotic

3. Some bacteris form biofilms, which allow them to stickj to surfaces and protect themselves. What is an example of bacterial biofilm?

A: Dental plaque

4. Antibiotics are used to treat bacteria infections. Why don’t antibiotics work on viruses?

A: Viruses do not have a cell wall or their own metabolism.

5. What word means “berry-shaped bacteria”

A: -cocci

LM 12:

1. Repetitive DNA sequences located at the ends of chromosmomes acting as protective gaps

A, Telomere

2. T/F: Long telomeres contribute to age related diseases

A. False

3. T/F: DNA replication is a process essential for cell division, growth, repair and reproduction

A. True

LM 13.

1. Invasive fungal infections such as candidemia, pose serious risks for hospitalized patients. WHat factor increase the likelihood of developing an invasive fungal infection?

A. Weekend immune system

2. Which is a common fungal infection known as dermatophytosis?

A. Ringworm

3. Which group of people is at the highest risk for developing funal infections

A. Pt with low immune systems, HIV/AIDs and chemotherapy

4. What is the most common method used to diagnose a fungal infection?

A. Fungal culture and microscopy

5. Candida is what

A. Oral Thrush

LM 15;

1. Antigen

A. A foregin substance that triggers an immune response

2. What are neutrophil, eosinophils and basophils primary role?

A. Engulfing and destorying pathogens

3. An example of an autoimmune disease?

A. Type 1 diabetes

4. Passive Immunity

A. From Mother to baby

5. Innamte immunity

A. Something rapid and fast responding defense mechanism present at birth

6. Primary functions of antibodies?

A. Binding to antigens to neutralize pathogens and mark them for destruction

7. Pt recieved vaccine that contains an inactivated or weakined version of a virus to stimulate the immune system

A. Mild prmary immune response