kin 278

Location: Final exam to be held in the lecture room due to the permanent closure of the Gold gym.
Reason for Closure:
- An incident involving flooding.
- Subsequent growth of mold and odors, which began impacting the environment.
Alternative Exam Arrangements:
- Only one gym is now available for exams; if more classrooms become unusable, the dean of kinesiology may allocate parts of the main gym for exam purposes.
Exam Setup:
- Assigned seating and two versions of the exam will be utilized to minimize cheating risks even though cheating is not expected.

Food Security:
- Exists when all people at all times have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet dietary needs and preferences for an active and healthy life.
Components of Food Security:
- Quantity of food: Priority is given to having enough calories to sustain life.
- Quality of food: Once basic caloric needs are met, the focus can shift to ensuring the food is nutritious and meets the necessary dietary requirements.

Traditional Diet:
- Previously consisted of foods harvested from local lands and waters, proving highly nutritious and promoting health.
Current Dietary Changes:
- Shift towards modern convenience foods that are typically more accessible has led to diets low in vegetables and fruits, and high in fats and sugars.

Saskatchewan has seen an increase in economic growth, leading to skyrocketing housing costs.
Food Costs Flexibility:
- Food expenses are often the most flexible in household budgets; failure to pay rent or utilities leads to immediate consequences (eviction or service shut off), whereas skipping food can imply starvation.
Vulnerable Populations:
- Individuals and families most likely to experience food insecurity include:
- Low to middle-income households.
- Recipients of social assistance, employment insurance, or worker's compensation.
- Lone-parent households, especially single mothers.
- Indigenous people and renters are at higher risks.
- Those with lower education levels.

Frequency: Every few years, a report named The Cost of Healthy Eating in Saskatchewan is published, the latest being in 2022.
Objective: Calculates the cost for a standard family of four to buy nutritious food for one week using a tool called the National Nutritious Food Basket.
Basket Contents:
- Contains 60-67 basic healthy foods satisfying the nutrient requirements according to Canada's food guide.
Data Collection:
- The survey was conducted across 101 randomly selected grocery stores, situated both on and off First Nations reserves.
Findings:
- Average cost for a week's groceries is approximately $300, a significant increase from $218 in 2012 (approx. $82 increase over 10 years).
- Annual increase approximates over $3,500.

By 2021, 1 in 5 Saskatchewan households faced food insecurity, with the province registering one of Canada’s highest rates of food insecurity.
Comparisons indicate:
- Growing differences in food costs across Northern versus Southern Saskatchewan, with Northern Saskatchewan being substantially more affected.
Major Issues:
- About 10.6% of households and 19% of children exposed to food insecurity; numbers do not account for those living on reserves, likely raising true figures.

Poverty and food insecurity are interconnected; childhood poverty rate in Saskatchewan is around 25%, excluding children on reserves.
On First Nations reserves, child poverty rates can be as high as 70%.

2015 Report Findings:
- Average weekly cost for a family of four was noted at $243.
- Considerable differences in costs between Northern and Southern regions.
2022 Report Overview:
- Provincial average cost spiked to almost $300/week with northern areas facing costs around $500 for the same family structure.
- Added costs for specific groups, new parents required to account an extra $540/year due to breastfeeding or $1,600 to $3,500/year for infant formula if not breastfeeding.
Availability Concerns:
- 20% of Northern and rural grocery stores did not stock up to 30% of essential food basket items, particularly perishables.

Ethics: Branch of philosophy focusing on morality, discussing the distinctions between good and evil, and determining right and wrong actions.
Important to explore subjective nature of ethical perspectives.

Seat Belt Laws:
- Legally mandated due to compelling evidence linking non-use to fatalities and injuries.
- Debate centers around individual autonomy versus societal benefit.
Bike Helmets:
- No provincial law mandates helmets, leading to questions about individual rights versus shared safety.
Smoking Bans:
- Bans aimed at protecting public health demonstrate ethical tensions on personal freedoms versus public health benefits.
Water Fluoridation:
- Seen as a major public health advancement; arguments regarding mandatory inclusion and individual choice arise.
Vaccination Mandates:
- COVID vaccination mandates sparked debates on individual rights versus public health benefits.
- Legal parallels drawn to childhood vaccination requirements for school admissions have been central to public discourse.

Beneficence: Obligation to promote good and ensure public safety.
Non-maleficence: Avoiding harm to populations while promoting health initiatives.

Health is a social construct shaped by cultural norms; expectations for health behaviors often assume a uniform standard across diverse populations.
Ethical decisions must balance population health promotion with respect for minority cultural values and individual autonomy.

Social Construction of Health: Acknowledgment that health definitions can vary greatly by culture and context.
Recognizing that different conditions (e.g., children with diseases, disabilities, or food insecurities) shape societal perceptions of health and that maintaining a norm can conflict with individual needs.
Examining the subjective nature of health can help foster understanding and guide conversations on ethical health promotion significantly.

The discussion emphasizes the complex interplay of ethical considerations in health promotion, the economic factors affecting food security, and the subjective nature of defining health. The considerations argue for a nuanced approach in policies and health promotion practices within diverse communities.