History 7.1 Flashcards

How the geography of the peninsula affected the development of Rome 

• mountains - allowed separate cultures to develop (i.e., Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans)

• peninsula - created safe harbors for boats 

• access to water - Med. Sea could be used as a resource and maritime trade 

People who had an impact on the culture of Rome:  Greeks, Latins, Etruscans

• Latins 

  • Latin language 

• Greeks 

  • cultivated olives and grapes 

  • Greek alphabet

  • Culture → sculpture, literature, and architecture 

• Etruscans (had the greatest influence at the beginning of Rome) 

  • Turned Rome from a village into a city 

  • Created the Roman military 

How did the Romans conquer the peninsula? 

• 3 tactics: 

  • Good diplomats (negotiated treaties) 

  • Military experts 

  • Practical in politics 

• Confederation of Rome 

  • A group of conquered peoples on the peninsula that enjoyed full Roman citizenship and could still run their own affairs

Patrician and plebeian- Patricians would be the upper class, people such as wealthy landowners would be in the patricians group. Plebeians would be the lower class which would be normal people in Rome. The separations meant that they would be completely separated. Plebeians could only marry people from their social class and so forth.

Senate: 

• Who served: 

  • 300 Patricians (upper class landowners) who served for life

• What were their duties: 

  • Advised the consuls 

  • Enforced laws - couldn’t pass laws but could propose them 

  • Managed foreign policy and money

Centuriate assembly:  

• Who were they? 

  • Patricians and plebeians that served in the Senate, as magistrates (judges), and on Tribunes 

• Powers that they had:

  • Elect consuls and praetors

  • Pass laws

Consuls - 2 positions in the Roman Republic that were responsible for commanding the military and running Rome

Praetors - Group of 8 judges that were in charge of the laws 

Struggle of the Orders - Conflict between Patricians and Plebeians that lasted for 100s of years 

• Result: Plebeians gained rights 

  • Formed the Tribune of Plebeians and Council of Plebeians 

  • Could marry Patricians  

  • Could become Consuls 

Twelve Tables - 1st written Roman law 

• Reflected when Rome was a simple farming community 

Lex Hortensia - Made all laws passed by the Council of Plebeians binding and partially transferred power to the lower classes 

Law of Nations - a body of law that applied to both Roman citizens and non-Romans

Understand Documents about the Roman Republic from In-Class Activity 

Punic Wars - A series of 3 wars

• Who fought: Rome v. Carthage

• Key People (2^nd)

  • Hannibal - Greatest Carthaginian General 

  • Scipio - Roman General 

• Outcome (who won and what was received) 

  • 1st: Rome won 

    • Sicily became the 1st Roman province

  • 2nd: Rome won 

    • Rome gained Spain 

  • 3rd: Rome won 

    • Carthage was destroyed and renamed Africa