Philippine History Notes

Victoria reached Spain, led by Sebastian del Cano.
Magellan's voyage was a major achievement, leading to Spanish expeditions and colonization in the Philippines.
Treaty of Zaragoza favored Portugal in Moluccas.
Ruy Lopez de Villalobos named Samar and Leyte as Felipinas (1543).
Juan de Salcedo conquered Manila from Rajah Sulayman.
Policy of Attraction: Tupas of Cebu cooperated with Spaniards.
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi established Manila as Philippine capital (1571).

Local government established (cabeza de barangay, gobernadorcillo, alcalde-mayor).
Union of Church and State.
Propagation of Catholic religion (Augustinians, Franciscans, Dominicans, Recollects, Jesuits).
Inquisition: Punished heretics.
Residencia (public) and Visita (secret) investigations to curb Spanish official abuse.
Plaza complex used to attract natives.
Encomienda system (1558): Land distribution with tribute collection rights.
Forced labor (polo y servicio) implemented.
Falla: Fee for exemption from forced labor.
Mexican subsidy (situado) of $P250,000$ .
Slow economic development due to Spanish issues.

Tondo Conspiracy (1587): Led by Magat Salamat, aimed to regain freedom, failed due to spies.
Magalat revolt (1596): In Cagayan, Magalat was assassinated by a hired Filipino.
Pedro Ladia’s conspiracy (1643): Uprising in Bulacan, Ladia executed.
Francisco Maniago revolt (1660): In Pampanga, due to abuses and unpaid food, demands favored after revolt.
Andres Malong revolt (1660): In Lingayen, Malong proclaimed himself "King of Pangasinan", captured and executed.
Revolt of Bancao (1622): In Limasawa, Bancao advocated return to original faith, defeated and died.
Revolt of Agustin Sumuroy (1649): In Samar, resented worker abuses, Sumuroy executed.
Francisco Dagohoy revolt (1744-1829): In Bohol, longest revolt (85 years) with 20,000 followers.
Moro Wars: Muslims remained unconquered.
Sultan Kudarat: United Maguindanao and Sulu (1638-1671), raids in Visayas, Spaniards focused on Luzon.

British rule (1762-1764): Spain allied with France.
Archbishop Manuel Rojo surrendered Manila and Cavite.
Simon de Anda resisted in Pampanga.
Diego Silang's revolt (1762): In Ilocos, assassinated by Miguel Vicos.
Gabriela Silang continued resistance, captured and hanged.
Basi Revolt (1807): In Ilocos, farmers revolted over basi wine production issues.
Governor-general Jose Basco y Vargas (1778-1787): Economic plans, laissez-faire policy, rise of middle class and Ilustrados.
Governor-general Carlos Maria de la Torre (1837-1839): Abolished censorship, resolved agrarian unrest.
Secularization movement: Led by Fr. Pedro Pablo Pelaez, then GOMBURZA.
Cavite Mutiny (1872): Led by Fernando La Madrid, GOMBURZA tagged as motivators.
Governor-general Rafael de Izquierdo (1871-1873): Autocratic leader.
GOMBURZA execution: Sparked Filipino unity.
Rizal dedicated El Filibusterismo to them.

Propaganda Movement: Sought assimilation, citizenship for Filipinos.
Graciano Lopez Jaena: "Fray Botod" writer, La Solidaridad founder.
Marcelo H. Del Pilar: Diariong Tagalog founder.
Jose P. Rizal: Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo writer, La Liga Filipina founder, executed in 1896.
Movement failed due to Spanish issues, lack of funds and disunity.

KKK founded (July 7, 1892): Aimed for separation from Spain.
Andres Bonifacio: Supremo, Emilio Jacinto: Brain.
Pio Valenzuela sought Rizal’s support, Rizal advocated reforms.
Katipunan discovered (August 1896) after Tedodoro Patiño shared info.
Cry of Pugadlawin (August 23, 1896): Cedulas torn, symbolized fight for independence.
Katipunan factions: Magdiwang (pro-Bonifacio), Magdalo (pro-Aguinaldo).
Tejeros Convention (1897): Aguinaldo elected President, Bonifacio's election protested by Daniel Tirona.
Bonifacio declared election null, KKK disordered.
Bonifacio and brother executed (May 10, 1897) for treason.