Economy

Role of forum

  • Forum in Pompeii

  • Administrative,

  • commercial

  • religious centre

  • a paved rectangular area,

  • colonnades,

  • statues,

  • formal inscriptions

  • public buildings

  • temples,

  • markets,

  • a basilica (law courts and business transactions)

  • Shrines associated with imperial cult

    \n \n

Trade

  • flourished due to natural resources and fertility
  • nearby harbour gave access to Mediterranean and Greek regions
  • Pompeiian exports includes; garum, wine, olive oil and pottery
  • Herculaneum had limited trade \n \n \n

Commerce

  • Pompeii was an agricultural market town;
  • fresh produce sold in many locations (FORUM MACELLUM)
  • THERMOPOLIA around the city sold produce
  • THERMOPOLIUM where drinks and hot foods were served
  • Sex industry also flourished; brothels held store-fronts for produce too \n

Industries

Wine

  • principal source of income in Vesuvian area

  • controlled by wealthy landowners

  • Pompeian wine was renowned, or was exported beyond the region

  • grapes were squeezed by a torcula, wooden machine that pressed down onto fruit

  • Fertile land insured good quality crops

    \n

Fullery

  • The fullery of Stephanus was a private house in pompeii which was turned into a bleaching and dying establishment

  • Biggest fullery was the building of Eumachia

  • Tanks basins and troughs were used for this process with public areas in which people could donate their urine to the process

  • Washing and dyeing of wool and manufacture of cloth was one of the most important industries

  • Eighteen fullonicae scattered throughout Pompeii, four were large

  • Identified by a number of interconnected basins/tanks with built-in steps for washing and rinsing.

  • Urine by Camels (although human urine was easier to come by and therefore used more often) incorporated in the mixture to clean clothes when washing.

    \n

Bakery

  • Pompeians produced ten different types of bread, but poor flour quality meant the bread was very hard and aged quickly
  • Mills were common in Pompeii; milled the grain into flour

Garum

  • Fish sauce - main condiment of Roman cuisine
  • Due to the foul smell of the manufacturing process, it is believed to have been made outside of the city walls

Shops

  • Remains of shops recognised along main commercial thoroughfare in Pompeii → ran from forum to Sarnian gate.

  • Prime location for painted political signs (link to politics)

  • 200 public eating and drinking places

  • Manufacturing industries: Workshops of carpenters, plumbers, wheelwrights, tanners, tinkers, ironmongers, goldsmiths and silversmiths, marble-workers, stonemasons, gem-cutters, and glass makers.

  • Influential to politics in some way (mostly through buildings)

  • Fast food snack bars (thermopolium) has a marble covered counter in which large dolia (earthware jars) for holding hot drinks and dishes were encased

    \n

Service industries

  • Prostitution was a business in Pompeii and Herculaneum where profits were taxed
  • Tabernae located in the main commercial thoroughfare
  • Bars and taverns in Herculaneum were mainly found opposite the palaestra

Brothels

  • Moral values were set by men, so prostitution wasn’t stigmatised, so normal that sometimes taverns functioned as brothels.
  • Mostly indicated that prostitutes were from lower class families

Fishing

  • Garum famous fish sauce from Pompeii

  • Fish sauce - main condiment of Roman cuisine

  • Herculaneum was a seaside harbour fishing town

    \n \n \n

Occupations

Concluded from graffiti, election notices, trade signs and archaeological evidence, an extensive list of occupations may be concluded;

Wine

  • Grape and oil presses
  • Wine markers and owners

Fullery

  • Weavers
  • dyers
  • Spinners fullures,
  • launders,
  • felt makers

Bakery

  • Wheat harvesters
  • Bakers
  • Millers
  • farmers

Garum

  • Fishermen
  • Craftsmen
  • Garum producers

Shops

  • Shop keepers and owners
  • market workers,
  • shop workers,
  • carpenters,
  • plumbers,
  • Wheelwrights,
  • tanners,
  • Tinkers,
  • ironmongers,
  • goldsmiths and silversmiths,
  • marble-workers,
  • stonemasons,
  • gem-cutters,
  • glass makers

Service industries

  • Prostitutes

  • bar and tavern owners and workers

    \n

Prostituation

  • Prostitutes

Others

  • Actors and gladators
  • Doctors and dentists
  • Perfumers
  • Bankers
  • Skilled artisans such as
  • wrought iron worker,
  • jewlers,
  • wood carvers,
  • moisaicists
  • sculptors