Economy
Role of forum
Forum in Pompeii
Administrative,
commercial
religious centre
a paved rectangular area,
colonnades,
statues,
formal inscriptions
public buildings
temples,
markets,
a basilica (law courts and business transactions)
Shrines associated with imperial cult
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Trade
- flourished due to natural resources and fertility
- nearby harbour gave access to Mediterranean and Greek regions
- Pompeiian exports includes; garum, wine, olive oil and pottery
- Herculaneum had limited trade \n \n \n
Commerce
- Pompeii was an agricultural market town;
- fresh produce sold in many locations (FORUM MACELLUM)
- THERMOPOLIA around the city sold produce
- THERMOPOLIUM where drinks and hot foods were served
- Sex industry also flourished; brothels held store-fronts for produce too \n
Industries
Wine
principal source of income in Vesuvian area
controlled by wealthy landowners
Pompeian wine was renowned, or was exported beyond the region
grapes were squeezed by a torcula, wooden machine that pressed down onto fruit
Fertile land insured good quality crops
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Fullery
The fullery of Stephanus was a private house in pompeii which was turned into a bleaching and dying establishment
Biggest fullery was the building of Eumachia
Tanks basins and troughs were used for this process with public areas in which people could donate their urine to the process
Washing and dyeing of wool and manufacture of cloth was one of the most important industries
Eighteen fullonicae scattered throughout Pompeii, four were large
Identified by a number of interconnected basins/tanks with built-in steps for washing and rinsing.
Urine by Camels (although human urine was easier to come by and therefore used more often) incorporated in the mixture to clean clothes when washing.
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Bakery
- Pompeians produced ten different types of bread, but poor flour quality meant the bread was very hard and aged quickly
- Mills were common in Pompeii; milled the grain into flour
Garum
- Fish sauce - main condiment of Roman cuisine
- Due to the foul smell of the manufacturing process, it is believed to have been made outside of the city walls
Shops
Remains of shops recognised along main commercial thoroughfare in Pompeii → ran from forum to Sarnian gate.
Prime location for painted political signs (link to politics)
200 public eating and drinking places
Manufacturing industries: Workshops of carpenters, plumbers, wheelwrights, tanners, tinkers, ironmongers, goldsmiths and silversmiths, marble-workers, stonemasons, gem-cutters, and glass makers.
Influential to politics in some way (mostly through buildings)
Fast food snack bars (thermopolium) has a marble covered counter in which large dolia (earthware jars) for holding hot drinks and dishes were encased
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Service industries
- Prostitution was a business in Pompeii and Herculaneum where profits were taxed
- Tabernae located in the main commercial thoroughfare
- Bars and taverns in Herculaneum were mainly found opposite the palaestra
Brothels
- Moral values were set by men, so prostitution wasn’t stigmatised, so normal that sometimes taverns functioned as brothels.
- Mostly indicated that prostitutes were from lower class families
Fishing
Garum famous fish sauce from Pompeii
Fish sauce - main condiment of Roman cuisine
Herculaneum was a seaside harbour fishing town
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Occupations
Concluded from graffiti, election notices, trade signs and archaeological evidence, an extensive list of occupations may be concluded;
Wine
- Grape and oil presses
- Wine markers and owners
Fullery
- Weavers
- dyers
- Spinners fullures,
- launders,
- felt makers
Bakery
- Wheat harvesters
- Bakers
- Millers
- farmers
Garum
- Fishermen
- Craftsmen
- Garum producers
Shops
- Shop keepers and owners
- market workers,
- shop workers,
- carpenters,
- plumbers,
- Wheelwrights,
- tanners,
- Tinkers,
- ironmongers,
- goldsmiths and silversmiths,
- marble-workers,
- stonemasons,
- gem-cutters,
- glass makers
Service industries
Prostitutes
bar and tavern owners and workers
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Prostituation
- Prostitutes
Others
- Actors and gladators
- Doctors and dentists
- Perfumers
- Bankers
- Skilled artisans such as
- wrought iron worker,
- jewlers,
- wood carvers,
- moisaicists
- sculptors