easy reveiw for theology

Key Terms and Definitions

  • Yahwah: The personal name of God meaning "I AM WHO I AM."

  • Omnipotent: The quality of God being all-powerful.

  • Omnibenevolent: The quality of God being perfectly good or all-loving.

  • Omnipresent: The quality of God being present everywhere.

  • Omniscient: The quality of God having perfect knowledge.

  • Faith: A gift from God in which we abandon ourselves into what we believe.

  • Substance: The essence of what someone or something actually is, rather than how it appears.

  • Evil: The absence of the good; also a twisting of the good.

  • Ecumenical Council: A formal meeting of bishops from the whole church to define doctrine or apply discipline.

  • Natural Faith: Faith based on testimony from another deemed trustworthy.

  • Person: An individual substance with distinction and a rational soul.

  • Evolution: The scientific theory that species came to be by gradual change; does not pose opposition to God.

  • Concupiscence: The inclination to sin resulting from the Fall and Original Sin.

  • Angel: A spiritual, immortal creature possessing intelligence and free will who glorifies God.

  • Matter: The part of a sacrament with which or to which something is done to confer grace.

  • Saint: A member of the Church who has been officially canonized.

  • Creation: God bringing forth the universe and its inhabitants out of nothing.

  • Image and Likeness: Each person is made in this regard to God.

  • Satan: The prince of fallen angels; represents the absence of good.

Concepts from Theology

  1. Absence of the Good: Evil is defined as this and it involves twisting of the good.

  2. **God's Attributes:

    • All-powerful (Omnipotent).

    • Perfectly loving (Omnibenevolent).

    • Present everywhere (Omnipresent).

    • All-knowing (Omniscient).

  3. Faith: A reliance on the testimony of a trustworthy individual, inherent in religious belief.

  4. Humanity's Fall: Results in concupiscence, leading humans toward sin.

  5. Role of Angels: They serve and protect humanity and glorify God.

  6. Sacraments:

    • Matter: The material elements used in sacraments.

    • Form: The words and actions performed in sacramental rites.

    • Intent: The intention of the minister conferring grace.

Sacraments and Their Elements

  • Holy Orders: Matter: Oil of the infirmed.

  • Baptism: Matter: Water.

  • Eucharist: Matter: Bread and Wine.

  • Reconciliation: Matter: Confession of sins to priest, penance.

  • Matrimony: Matter: Bride and Groom's mutual consent.

  • Confirmation: Matter: Oil anointing of forehead, laying on of hands.

Important Questions and Answers

  • What important item is missing at the Last Supper?

    • A lamb (as it is customary in a Passover meal).

  • Why were Jews prohibited from drinking blood?

    • Because it endangered health (blood was seen as carrying diseases) and was against Biblical commandments.

  • Which Jewish group was concerned with separation from Roman influences?

    • Pharisees.

  • Which group did not believe in resurrection of the body?

    • Sadducees.

  • What does Golgotha refer to?

    • It is believed to be where the skull of Adam lies, making it significant.

  • At how many baskets were left over at the feeding of the 4000?

    • 7 baskets, which symbolically represent the seven gentile nations.

Summary of Gospel Events

  • Jesus' Humanity Shines:

    • Notable instances include in the garden asking God to let the cup pass from Him and during the Transfiguration.

  • Why did Jesus descend into hell?

    • To proclaim the Gospel to the righteous souls who died before His coming.

  • What is the Messianic Secret?

    • Jesus' command for demons not to reveal His identity as the Messiah.

Theological Significance of Key Terms

  • Polygenism: Belief in multiple first parents; denies truth of Original Sin.

  • Christians’ Perspective on Body: Seen as the hinge of salvation.

  • Seven Deadly Sins: The framework for understanding moral failings in Christianity.

Notes on Historical Context

  • Pharisees' Concern: Primarily focused on purity laws and living Jewish faith under Roman rule.

  • St. Thomas Aquinas' Arguments:

    • First Mover: States nothing can move itself; it must be moved by something else.

    • First Cause: Everything exists from something; nothing can cause itself to exist.

Important Biblical Concepts

  • The Shema: A significant prayer in Jewish tradition, emphasizing the oneness of God.

  • Divine Name Meaning: "I AM WHO I AM," indicating God's eternal and unchanging nature.

This study guide captures the essence of the theological concepts and key terms found in the provided content, arranged for clarity and easy reference.