The Male Reproductive System

LO 14.1: Construct and analyze medical terms related to the male reproductive system using roots, combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes.
LO 14.2: Correctly spell and pronounce medical terms related to the male reproductive system for effective communication in healthcare.
LO 14.3: Define accepted abbreviations related to the male reproductive system.
LO 14.4: Describe the anatomy, functions, disorders, and treatments related to the perineum, scrotum, testes, and spermatic cords.
LO 14.5: Relate the anatomy and anatomical positions of the five accessory glands to their functions and related disorders.
LO 14.6: Describe disorders of the prostate gland, along with their diagnosis and treatment options.
LO 14.7: Explain the structure of the penis and its various functions, disorders, and treatments.
LO 14.8: Discuss causes of male infertility and associated treatment options.
LO 14.9: Identify sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), alongside their prevention and treatment methods.
LO 14.10: Describe diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, as well as pharmacological interventions for male reproductive system disorders.
LO 14.11: Apply knowledge of medical terms associated with the integumentary system in documentation and medical reports.
LO 14.12: Translate medical terms related to the male reproductive system into layman’s terms for patient communication.

Primary Sex Organs (Gonads): Two testes.
Secondary Sex Organs: Includes the penis, scrotum, and a system of ducts:
- Epididymis
- Ductus (Vas) Deferens
- Urethra
Accessory Glands:
- Prostate gland
- Seminal vesicles
- Bulbourethral glands

Sperm Production:
- Testes contain 250 lobules with seminiferous tubules where sperm are formed.
- Epididymis stores sperm until maturity.
- Interstitial cells produce androgens, including testosterone.
Testosterone Functions:
- Stimulates spermatogenesis.
- Promotes male secondary sex characteristics.
- Causes growth spurts at puberty.
- Increases sex drive in the brain.

Cell Division:
- Germ cells in seminiferous tubules (46 chromosomes) divide into two identical daughter cells (still 46 chromosomes).
- Further division results in four spermatids (23 chromosomes) that mature into spermatozoa.

Common Conditions:
- Testicular torsion
- Varicocele
- Hydrocele
- Spermatocele
- Cryptorchism
- Epididymitis
- Orchitis
- Testicular cancer

Components of Seminal Fluid: Produced by seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands forms together with sperm to create semen.

Common Conditions:
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
- Prostatic Cancer
- Prostatitis

Common Conditions:
- Trauma
- Priapism
- Cancer
- STDs
- Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
- Premature ejaculation
Disorders of the Prepuce:
- Balanitis
- Phimosis
- Paraphimosis

Examples:
- Chlamydia
- Gonorrhea
- Syphilis
- Trichomoniasis
- HIV
- Genital herpes
- Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

Diagnostic Procedures:
- Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
- Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) test
- Prostate biopsy
Therapeutic Procedures:
- Circumcision
- Orchiopexy
- Orchiectomy
- Urethrotomy
- Vasectomy
- Vasovasostomy
Pharmacology:
- Alpha blockers
- 5-alpha reductase inhibitors
- Hormone therapy
- Antibiotics
- Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors

The male reproductive system includes both primary and secondary sex organs and accessory glands that play crucial roles in reproduction. The primary organs (two testes) produce sperm and testosterone, while accessory glands assist in protecting and supporting sperm development. The prostate and urethra are uniquely involved in both urological and reproductive functions, sharing pathways for urine and semen.