Who Am I Creating an Asian America

  • Anthropology:

    • Study of human species & ancestors.

    • Comparative & holistic.

  • Four Fields:

    • Cultural: Society & culture (Ethnography, Ethnology).

    • Archaeological: Material remains, behavior, & cultural patterns (Artifacts).

    • Biological: Human variation & evolution (Paleoanthropology, Primatology).

    • Linguistic: Language in social/cultural context (Sociolinguistics, Historical Linguistics).

  • Culture:

    • Learned, shared behavior & ideas (Enculturation).

  • Key Aspects of Culture:

    • Learned, not biological.

    • Shared among groups.

    • Symbolic.

    • Influences natural urges.

    • All-encompassing.

    • Integrated; change affects all parts.

    • Adaptive & maladaptive.

  • Levels of Culture:

    • National, International, Subcultures.

  • Cultural Perspectives:

    • Ethnocentrism: Viewing own culture as superior.

    • Cultural Relativism: Not judging other cultures by own standards.

    • Human Rights: Universal justice & morality.

  • Culture Change:

    • Independent Invention, Diffusion, Acculturation, Globalization.

  • Language & Communication:

    • Language: Primary communication.

    • Nonverbal: Body language, expressions.

  • Language Structure:

    • Phonology (phonemes), Morphology (morphemes), Syntax, Lexicon.

  • Language & Culture:

    • Sapir-Whorf hypothesis: Language shapes thought.

    • Focal vocabulary: Specialized terms.

  • Sociolinguistics:

    • Language in social context, style shifts, diglossia, gender differences.

  • Historical Linguistics:

    • Language change, reconstruction, proto-languages.

  • Adaptive Strategies:

    • Foraging, Horticulture, Agriculture, Pastoralism, Industrialism.

  • Economic Systems:

    • Production, Distribution, Consumption.

  • Production Aspects:

    • Means: Land, labor, tech, capital.

    • Division of labor: Task specialization.

  • Distribution Types:

    • Reciprocity (generalized, balanced, negative), Redistribution, Market Exchange.

  • Consumption Modes:

    • Minimalism, Consumerism.

  • Political Systems:

    • Band, Tribe, Chiefdom, State.

  • Social Control:

    • Norms & Deviance, Law.

  • Conflict Resolution:

    • Mediation, Raiding, Warfare.

  • Religion:

    • Beliefs in supernatural.

  • Religious Beliefs:

    • Animism, Totemism, Rituals.

  • Magic:

    • Supernatural techniques.

  • Functions of Religion:

    • Meaning, solidarity, control.

  • Art:

    • Creative expression.

  • Functions of Art:

    • Expression, commentary, transmission.

  • Media:

    • Mass communication.

  • Functions of Media:

    • Entertainment, information, socialization.

  • Globalization:

    • Interconnectedness & exchange.

  • Key Terms:

    • Enculturation, Holism, Cultural Relativism, Ethnocentrism, Globalization, Norms, Deviance.

  • State Formation:

    • Warfare, surplus, population.

  • State Attributes:

    • Territory, government, economy, force monopoly.

  • Society Types:

    • Band, Tribal, Chiefdom, State.