chromatography and ph measurement

chromatography: process of separation a mixture’s constituents or solutes

4 types of chromatography: liquid, paper, thin-layer, gas

applications of chromatography (in a scientific experiment): food testing, drug testing, beverage testing, creating vaccines, forensic testing

ph measurement: a measure of an aqueous solution’s acidity or alkalinity. it is dependent on the comparative number of hydrogen ions (H+) or hydroxyl ions (OH-) in the solution

acids: higher number of hydrogen ions (H+) result in a lower pH value, indicating a more acidic solution.

alkaline: higher number of hydroxyl ions (OH-) leads to a higher pH value, indicating a more alkaline or basic solution.

0-6: acid

7: neutral

8-14: alkaline

parts of pH meter:

• ph measuring electrode

• reference electrode

• high input meter