Jackie Robinson: first African American to play Major League Baseball.
Dixiecrats: Strom Thurmond led Southern Democrats who opposed civil rights.
Progressive Party 1948: third party led by Henry Wallace supporting civil rights and social reforms.
Brown vs. Board: 1954 case ending segregation in public schools.
Warren Court: Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren, expanded civil rights.
Little Rock: 1957 crisis over integration of Central High School in Arkansas.
Emmett Till: Black teenager murdered in Mississippi in 1955 for allegedly flirting with a white woman.
Montgomery Bus Boycott/Rosa Parks: protest against bus segregation sparked by Rosa Parks' arrest.
Martin Luther King, Jr./SCLC: MLK led the Southern Christian Leadership Conference for nonviolent civil rights activism.
SNCC - Sit-ins: Student group that organized nonviolent protests at segregated lunch counters.
CORE - Freedom Rides: Congress of Racial Equality organized bus trips to challenge segregation.
March on Washington: 1963 civil rights rally where MLK gave his “I Have a Dream” speech.
Freedom Summer: 1964 campaign to register Black voters in Mississippi.
Civil Rights Act 1964: banned segregation and discrimination based on race, sex, or religion.
Selma March: 1965 protest for voting rights, known for "Bloody Sunday."
Voting Rights Act 1965: law banning literacy tests and protecting Black voting rights.
“Black Power”: movement emphasizing racial pride and self-determination.
Stokely Carmichael (SNCC): leader who popularized "Black Power" and shifted SNCC towards militancy.
Black Panthers: militant group fighting police brutality and advocating for Black rights.
Huey Newton: co-founder of the Black Panther Party.
Bobby Seale: co-founder of the Black Panther Party.
Black Muslims: African American group combining Islam with Black nationalism.
Malcolm X: Black Muslim leader who advocated for Black pride and self-defense.
Haight-Ashbury: San Francisco neighborhood known for 1960s counterculture and hippies.
Glass Ceiling: invisible barrier preventing women from advancing in careers.
Baby and Child Care: 1946 book by Dr. Spock encouraging nurturing parenting.
The Feminine Mystique: Betty Friedan’s 1963 book sparking second-wave feminism.
Betty Friedan: author and leader of the women's rights movement.
NOW: National Organization for Women, fought for gender equality.
ERA: Equal Rights Amendment, proposed law to guarantee equal rights for women.
Roe vs. Wade: 1973 Supreme Court case legalizing abortion.
Chicanos: Cesar Chavez: Mexican American leader who fought for farm workers’ rights.
United Farm Workers: union led by Cesar Chavez for better farm labor conditions.
AIM: American Indian Movement, fought for Native American rights.
Occupation of Wounded Knee: 1973 AIM protest against U.S. government policies.
Stonewall Riot: 1969 LGBTQ+ uprising against police at a New York bar.
Affirmative Action: programs to increase opportunities for minorities and women.
Bakke vs. California: 1978 case allowing race to be considered in college admissions but banning quotas.