Bonds and forces overview

Cells are the smallest units that show al characteristics of life

• Uses DNA to store, transmit, and change information

• Ability to reproduce

• Responds to signal in the environments

Atoms are the basic unit of Matter

• Electrons; orbit the nucleus of an atom and have a negative charge

Bonds are interactions between atoms

• 2nd law of thermodynamics: disorder(entropy) is always increasing

• Systems generally proceed towards lower energy states

• Energy is released when atoms or molecules interact

  • Interacting atoms are more stable

  • Releasing energy increases disorder

• Covalent bonds occur WITHIN molecules and hold atoms of molecules together

• Other weak interactions often occur between molecules

Summary

• Bonds are interactions that are released energy when they form, and require energy input to be broken

• Covalent bonds are always within molecules and are the strongest type of bond

• Other types interactions usually occur between molecules and are much weaker