Lecture 50.Cariology.Introduction to Dental Caries_Nanda -D28

INTRODUCTION TO DENTAL CARIES

  • Presenters: Shubha Nanda, DMD, Tufts School of Dental Medicine (November 2024)

LECTURE ROADMAP AND OBJECTIVES

  • Faculty Introduction

  • Module Goals and Expectations

  • Outline of Key Topics:

    • Understanding the paradigm of Dental Caries

    • Description of the CariesCare 4-D Model

CARIology MODULE FACULTY

  • Instructors:

    • Dr. Justin Cardarelli - Caries Management 2

    • Dr. Mabi Singh - Physiopathology of Caries & Role of Biofilm in Dental caries

    • Dr. Itallo Viana - Root Caries, NCCL, Erosion

    • Dr. Nadine Tassabehji - Role of Nutrition in Dental Caries

    • Dr. Athena Papas - Role of Saliva in Dental Caries

    • Prof. Tiffany Bairos - Caries Risk Assessment

    • Dr. Marmar Mesgarzadeh - Caries Management 3

MODULE 3 GOALS

  • Develop evidence-based critical thinking skills in Dental Caries focusing on:

    • Physiopathology and biological determinants

    • Risk assessment

    • Detection and diagnosis

    • Management strategies

MODULE 3 OUTLINE AND EXPECTATIONS

  • Structure of the module includes:

    • In-Person sessions (Merritt location)

    • Hands-on Caries Detection workshops

    • Small group case discussions

    • Faculty office hours

  • Student Expectations:

    • Attending all sessions

    • Reviewing material prior to class

    • Active participation in discussions

    • Maintaining a safe and respectful environment

MODULE 3 SCHEDULE

  • Highlighted Sessions:

    • 11/13/24: Introduction to Cariology, Classification of Caries (Dr. Nanda)

    • 11/14/24: Physiopathology of Caries (Dr. Singh), Role of Biofilm in Caries

    • 11/15/24: Nutrition and Dental Caries (Dr. Tassabehji), Role of Saliva in Caries (Dr. Papas)

    • Workshops on Caries Detection (varied dates)

WHAT IS CARIology?

  • Cariology is defined as the study of Dental Caries and the mechanisms of caries production (Cariogenesis).

HISTORY OF CARIology


    1. Tooth worm theory (5000 BC to early 1900s)


    1. Keyes Triad of Dental Caries (1963)


    1. Shift from viewing caries as an infectious disease to an ecological and non-communicable disease.

WHAT IS DENTAL CARIES?

  • Defined as a biofilm-mediated, diet-modulated process leading to an imbalance in the demineralization and remineralization cycle, resulting in localized tooth structure destruction.

BIOFILM AND DIET IN DENTAL CARIES

  • Biofilms: Microscopic communities of bacteria in a slimy matrix.

  • Diet Modulation: Sugars present promote acid production, leading to lower pH and dysbiosis of the microbiome.

TOOTH DEATH SPIRAL

  • Concept of a cycle where dental restoration efforts can lead to further destruction if not managed properly.

CARIESCARE 4D CYCLE

  • 4 Ds: Determine, Detect, Decide, Do

    • Determine: Assess patient-level caries risk

    • Detect: Staging and grading caries assessment

    • Decide: Personalized care plan at both patient and tooth levels

    • Do: Manage cavitated and non-cavitated lesions

CARIESCARE 4D CYCLE AIMS AND GUIDELINES

  • AIMS:

    • Prevent the onset of new caries

    • Prevent the progression of existing caries

    • Preserve healthy tooth structure

    • Manage caries risk factors

SUMMARY

  • Caries Definition: Biofilm mediated, diet-modulated process leading to localized tooth destruction.

  • Caries 4D Cycle: Framework for caries management aimed at prevention and risk management.

READINGS AND REFERENCES

  • Key literature and practice guides including works by various editors and clinical management texts.

THANK YOU

  • Questions and further discussions welcomed.


Here are five questions to test your understanding of the content on dental caries:

  1. What is the Cariology 4-D Model, and what are its four components?

  2. How has the historical understanding of dental caries shifted from the Tooth Worm theory to the Keyes Triad?

  3. Describe the role of biofilm and diet in the development of dental caries.

  4. What are the key goals and expectations outlined for Module 3 on Dental Caries, and what types of activities does it include?

  5. How does the concept of the "Tooth Death Spiral" relate to the management of dental restorations and caries treatment?