LE Origins, insertions, Actions and Innervations

Hip Joint

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Actions	Innervations
Iliopsoas	Iliac fossa, anterior and lateral surfaces of T-12- L5	Lesser Trochanter	Hip Flexion	Iliacus- Femoral N. (L2, L3) Psoas Major (L2, L3)
Rectus femoris	AIIS	Tibial tuberosity	Hip flexion, knee extension	Femoral N (l2, L3, L4)
Sartorius	ASIS	Proximal Medial aspect of tibia	Combination of hip flexion, abduction, ER and knee flexion	Femoral N. (L2, L3)
Pectineus	Superior ramus of pubis	Pectineal line of femur	Hip flexion and adduction	Femoral N. (L2, L3)
Adductor Longus	Pubis	Middle 1/3 of Linea aspera	Hip adduction	Obturator N. (L2, L3, L4)
Adductor Brevis	Pubis	Pectineal line and proximal Linea aspera	Hip adduction	Obturator N. (L2, L3)
Adductor Magnus	Ischium and pubis	Entire linea aspera and adductor tubercle	Hip adduction	Obturator N. and Sciatic N. (L2, L3, L4)
Gracilis	Pubis	Anteromedial surface of proximal end of tibia	Hip adduction	Obturator N. (L2, L3)
Gluteus Maximus	Posterior Sacrum and ilium	Posterior femur distal to greater trochanter to IT band	Hip extension, hypertension, ER	Inferior gluteal N. (L5, S1, S2)
Deep Rotator Muscles – Super Six- (Piriformis, Gemellus superior, Gemellus Inferior, Quadratus Femoris, Quadratus Internus, Obturator Externus)	Anterior Sacrum, ischium, pubis	Greater trochanter area	Hip lateral rotation (ER)	Varied
Semimembranosus	Ischial Tuberosity	Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia	Hip extension, knee flexion	Sciatic N, (tibial Division) (L5, S1, S2)
Semitendinosus	Ischial tuberosity	Anteromedial surface of Proximal tibia	Hip Extension and knee flexion	Sciatic N, (tibial Division) (L5, S1, S2)
Biceps Femoris	Long head- Ischial Tuberosity Short Head- lateral lip of linea aspera	Fibular head	Long Head- Hip extension and knee flexion Short Head- Knee flexion	Long Head- Sciatic N, (tibial Division) (L5, S1, S2) Short Head- Common Fibular (peroneal) N. (L5, S1, S2)
Gluteus Medius	Outer surface of ilium	Lateral surface of greater trochanter	Hip abduction	Superior gluteal N. (L4, L5, S1)
Gluteus Minimus	Lateral surface of ilium	Anterior surface of greater trochanter	Hip abduction, IR	Superior gluteal N. (L4, L5, S1)
Tensor Fascia Lata	ASIS	Lateral condyle of tibia	Combined Hip flexion and abduction	Superior Gluteal N. (L4, L5, S1)

The Knee

Muscles	Origin	Insertion	Actions	Innervation
Rectus Femoris (Quads)	AIIS	Tibial Tuberosity via patellar tendon	Hip flexion, Knee extension	Femoral N. (L2, L3, L4
Vastus Lateralis (Quads)	Linea Aspera	Tibial Tuberosity via patellar tendon	Knee extension	Femoral N. (L2, L3, L4)
Vastus Medialis (Quads)	Linea Aspera	Tibial Tuberosity via patellar tendon	Knee extension	Femoral N. (L2, L3, L4)
Vastus Intermedius (Quads)	Anterior femur	Tibial Tuberosity via patellar tendon	Knee extension	Femoral N. (L2, L3, L4)
Semimembranosus	Ischial tuberosity	Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia	Hip Extension Knee flexion	Sciatic N. (L5, S1, S2)
Semitendinosus	Ischial tuberosity	Anteromedial surface of medial condyle of tibia	Hip Extension Knee flexion	Sciatic N. (L5, S1, S2)
Biceps Femoris	LH: Ischial tuberosity SH: lateral Lip of the Linea Aspera	Fibular head	LH: Hip Extension Knee flexion SH: Knee Flexion	LH: Sciatic N. (L5, S1, S2) SH: common Fibular N (L5, S1, S2)
Popliteus	Lateral condyle of femur	Posterior medial condyle of tibia	Initiates Knee flexion Screw-home mechanism- “Unlocks” the Knee	Tibial N. (L4, L5, S1)
Gastrocnemius	Medial and lateral condyles of femur	Posterior calcaneus	Knee flexion and ankle PF	Tibial N. (S1, S2)

The Ankle

Muscles	Origin	Insertion	Actions	Innervation
Soleus	Posterior tibia and fibula	Posterior calcaneus	Ankle Plantar flexion	Tibial N (S1, S2_
Plantaris	Posterior lateral condyle of femur	Posterior calcaneus	Very weak assist in knee flexion and ankle PF	Tibial N ( L4, L5, S1)
Tibialis Posterior	Interosseous membrane	Navicular and most tarsals and metatarsals	Ankle Inversion, assists in PF	Tibial N (L5, S1)
Flexor hallucis Longus	Posterior fibula and interosseous membrane	Distal phalanx of the great toe	Flexes great toe, assists in inversion and PF	Tibial N ( L4, L5, S1)
Flexor Digitorum Longus	Posterior tibia	Distal phalanx of four lesser	Flexes the four lesser toes, assists in ankle. Inversion and PF of the ankle	Tibial N (L5, S1)
Tibialis Anterior	Lateral tibia and interosseous membrane	First cuneiform and first metatarsal	Ankle inversion and DF	Deep Fibular N (L4, L5, S1)
Extensor Hallucis Longus	Fibula and interosseous membrane	Distal phalanx of great toe	Extends first toe IP and MTP joints, assist in ankle inversion and DF	Deep Fibular N (L4, L5, S1)
Extensor Digitorum Longus	Fibula, interosseous, tibia	Distal phalanx of four lesser toes	Extends four lesser toes, assist in ankle DF	Deep Fibular N (L4, L5, S1)
Fibularis Longus	Lateral proximal fibula and interosseous membrane	Plantar surface of first cuneiform and metatarsal	Ankle eversion; assists in plantar flexion	Superficial fibular N (L4, L5, S1)
Fibularis Brevis	Lateral distal fibula	Tuberosity on base of fifth metatarsal	Ankle eversion; assists n PF	Superficial fibular N (L4, L5, S1)
Fibularis Tertius	Distal media fibula	Tuberosity of base of 5^th metatarsal	Assists in ankle eversion and DF	Deep fibular N (L4, L5, S1)

Intrinsic foot muscles

(Know actions, they are in the names)

Dorsal surface

- Extensor Digitorum Brevis

- Extensor Hallucis brevis

Plantar surface

- First layer

· Abductor hallucis

· Flexor digitorum Brevis

· Abductor digiti minimi

- Second layer

· Quadratus Plantae

· Lumbricals

- Third layer

· Flexor hallucis brevis

· Adductor hallucis

· Flexor digit minimi

- Forth layer

· Dorsal interossei

· Plantar interossei