Minerals

Minerals  

Minerals has 5 parts naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, crystal structure, predictable chemical composition  

Naturally occurring a diamond. A lab growing synthetic diamond is not a real diamond, it is a lab occurring diamond. It is not a naturally occurring diamond. Synthetic gem isn’t minerals. 

Inorganic can’t be composed of living tissue. Our skin isn’t a mineral.  

Solid. No Temperature is a required. When it is in a solid form, it is a mineral. All minerals will melt.  

All minerals share the first 3. 

Crystal structure creates a chemical composition. All minerals have naturally occurred, inorganic, and solid but a little bit of crystal structure 

The pencil lead is a mineral  

Predictable chemical composition 

Rocks are made of minerals 

Minerals are made of atoms  

Minerals are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons  

Rock names are a short name to tell you what minerals are in it  

Common elements MUST REMEMBER 

Si 

O  

Fe 

Mg  

Ca 

Al  

Na  

K 

P 

C 

Crystal structure  

Salt on your food, it is a mineral 

Solium and chlorine and right angles, and define number of crystal structures (limited numbers of possibitlies) 

If it doesn’t have a defined crystal structure, then it’s not a mineral. A predictable area of the mineral. When a mineral forms, there is bonding between atoms. How the minerals bond Ionic bonding, covalent bonding Metalica bonding. When atoms bond together, the molecules must be electrically neutral molecules, it can be positive and negative. 

Predictable chemical composition  

Impurities can change the chemical itself  

Add the impurities to Quartz and it may change its color.  

Some minerals and the way they form, it is easier to accept purities, and some minerals might not do it all.  

Solid solution  

(Fe, Mg)2 S,04  

Fe2S104 --------------- Mg2S104 

               FeMgS104 

          Fe164Mg36S104 

When you powder a mineral, the color streak should be the same. The color of the mineral and the streak may not look the same.  

Quartz can’t be streaked.  

Luster: does it look nonmetallic appearance? Example: Galena is meticallic as Quartz is nonmetallic.  

Opacity: Can you see opacity through and can light transparency through it?  

Crystallinity  

Habit = “Commonly” appear 

Form= Perfect Crystal Shape  

Quartz fills Gaps for other minerals 

Quarz doesn’t have cleavage.  

Cleavage is an underline of a crystal structure, and when the bonds are an unpredictable pattern, you keep getting that same pattern.  

Silicates- all have Si and O (Sio2) 

• Mica Minerals  

• Biotite  

• Muscovite  

Mineral Classification  

Silicates- all have Si and O (Sio2) 

Carbonates – CO3 

Oxides-0 

Sulfide-S 

Sulfate – S04 

Native Elements-just single element (Not Carbon- Au, Ag, C)  

Silicates 

• Most common mineral group  

• All contain the Silica tetrahedra as a basic building block  

𝑆𝑖𝑜4−4  Sio4−4  

Fe -2x4=8 

+4 

+2x2=

±4 ±4 

Common Rock Forming Minerals Must Remember  

Olivine  

Pyroxene  

Amphibole  

Biotite 

Plagioclase  

K-Feldspar  

Muscovite  

Quartz  

Calcite 

Clays