Functions of Oral Communication

What is FUNCTION?

  • Definition: refers to the particular purpose for which a thing is used, something exists, or a person is fitted to meet needs and desires.

When we communicate, we have definite purpose

  • Definite purpose: intentional; perceptible/recognizable; functional/designed.

5 Functions of Communication

  • 1) To provide information
  • 2) To motivate
  • 3) To regulate/control
  • 4) To facilitate emotional expression
  • 5) To effect social interaction

1. To provide information

  • Basic function: provides data for task completion, problem solving, and reducing uncertainty.
  • Flows of information:
    • Downward flow: from superiors/elders to subordinates/family via directives/updates
    • Upward flow: from subordinates/family to superiors/elders via feedback, reports, or suggestions
    • Horizontal flow: peer-to-peer via data/reports

2. To motivate

  • Motivation: the energy that influences behavior toward goals; helps understand what, why, and how to do things; boosts self-confidence and encouragement.
  • Effects: helps set goals; provides progress updates/feedback; reinforces desired behavior; rectifies undesirable action; motivates others.

3. To regulate or control

  • Definition: to exercise direction formally or informally.
  • Purpose: expression of needs and wants to regulate others to obtain outcomes; more observable in formal organizations.
  • Forms: formal rules/policies; informal/unwritten rules.

4. To facilitate emotional expression

  • Purpose: release of emotions (verbal or non-verbal).
  • Effect: emotional appeal; can persuade others to change mind or behavior.
  • Note: people seek someone to talk to when sad, angry, or afraid.

5. To effect social interaction

  • Purpose: act or react to the behavior of others; revealing thoughts/feelings to elicit reactions.
  • Outcome: social closeness and engagement; establish, maintain, and enjoy relationships.
  • Needs fulfilled: ego needs (pride, self-esteem) and social needs (belongingness, acceptance).

Social concerns in communication

  • Hazing
  • Harassment
  • Wife/husband beating
  • Bullying

Categories of social interaction

  • Exchange (giving rewards: material or non-material)
  • Competition (fight for a goal)
  • Cooperation (work together for a goal)
  • Conflict (strong disagreement leading to arguments)
  • Coercion (using threats)