Acids and Alkalis

Example of ACIDS ⤵

Acids have a pH below 7. All acids owe their chemical reactivity to the hydrogen ion.

• Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs) is derived mostly from milk or fruit sugars. They are often used to exfoliate the skin and to help adjust the pH of a lotion, conditioner, or cream.

  
  

• Glycolic Acid is an alpha hydroxy acid used in exfoliation and to lower the pH of products.

  
  

  Acids contract and close the hair cuticle. One such acid is thioglycolic acid.

• Thioglycolic Acid, a colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong, unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions.

  
  

Example of ALLALIS ⤵

All alkalis (also called bases) owe their chemical reactivity to the hydroxide ion, Alkalis are compounds that react with acids to form salts. Alkalis have a pH above 7.

They feel slippery and soapy on the skin. Alkalis soften and swell hair, skin, the cuticle on the nail plate, and calloused skin.

• Sodium Hydroxide (commonly known as Lye) is a very strong alkali used in chemical hair relaxers, callous soft-eners, and drain cleaners. These products must be used according to manufacturers' instructions.

  It is VERY important that you do not let these products touch or sit on the skin, as they may cause injury or a burning sensation. Sodium hydroxide products may be especially dangerous if they get into the eyes, so always wear safety glasses to avoid eye contact.