Medical Terminology

Blood

Blood

  • Fluid tissue of the body

  • 55% liquid plasma

  • 45% formed elements (cells)

Hematopoiesis

  • Bloods cells produced in red bone marrow through the process of hematopoiesis

- Erythrocan abnrytes: Red blood cells, no nucleus

- Leukocytes: White blood, 5 different types

  • Basophil -l

  • Eosinophil

  • Neutrophil

  • Monotype

  • Lymphocyte

- Thrombocytes: Platelets, part of clotting system, not a complete cell

Cardiovascular New Word Parts

  • angi/o, vas/o - blood or lymph vessel

  • aort/o - aorta

  • arteri/o - artery

  • ven/o - vein

  • phleb/o - vein

  • ather/o - plaque

  • thromb/o - clot

  • isch/o - to hold back

  • hem/o, hemat/o - blood, blood condition

  • -globin - protein

  • -cyte, cyt/o - cell

  • -penia - deficiency

  • -emia - blood, blod condition

  • -rrhage - bleeding, abnormal excessive fluid discharge

  • -stasis - stopping or controlling

  • -pathy - disease

  • Tachy- - fast, rapid

  • Brady- - slow

  • Anti- - against

  • End-, endo- - in, within, inside

Cardiovascular Pathology Terms

Terms

  • Arteriosclerosis - hardening of an artery

  • Atherosclerosis - hardening and narrowing of arteries due to building of cholesterol plague inside arteries

  • Ischemia - insufficient supply of oxygen to tissue (to hold back blood)

  • Myocardial Infarction - a heart attack

  • Cardiomyopathy - disease of heart muscle

  • Hypertension - high blood pressure

  • Hypotension - low blood pressure

  • Tachycardia - (>100 bpm in adult) abnormally fast resting heart rate

  • Bradycardia - abnormally slow resting heart rate (< 60 bpm in adult)

  • Phlebitis - inflammation of vein

  • Endocarditis - inflammation of inner lining of heart

  • Hemostasis - to stop or control blood

  • Hemoglobin - oxygen carrying blood protein, pigment of erythrocytes

  • Leukopenia - deficiency in number of white blood cells

  • Thrombocytopenia - deficiency in number of thrombocytes in blood

  • Anemia - lower than normal number of red blood cells

  • Hemorrhage - loss of large amount of blood in a short period of time

  • Leukemia - a type of cancer, increase in number of abnormal white blood cells

  • Thrombus - blood clot, interior wall of an artery or vein

  • Thrombosis - abnormal condition of having a thombus

  • Embolus - a foreign object circulating in the blood

  • Embolism - sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus

  • Aneurysm

  • Atherothrombosis

  • Cardiomegaly

Cardiovascular Procedure Terms

  • Electrocardiogram - record of electrical activity of the myocardium

  • Holter Monitor - portable electrocardiogram, to monitor hear rates and rhythms

  • Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation - CPR

  • Defibrillation - use of electric shock to restore the heart's normal rhythm

  • Angiography - process of recording an x-ray of the blood vessels after the injection if contrast medium

  • Angioplasty - technique of mechanically widening a narrowed/obstructed blood vessel; surgical repair of blood vessel

  • Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) -

  • Carotid endarterectomy -surgical removal of lining of a clogged carotid artery (which leads to brain)

  • Valvoplasty - surgical repair or replacement of heart valve

  • Cardiac Catheterization - diagnostic procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or artery, which is then guided to the heart and contrast medium is then injected to produce an angiogram

ECG Electrodes

World Building Cardiovascular System

  • Thrombocytosis - abnormal increase in the number of thrombocytes in the circulating blood

  • Arteriostenosis - abnormal narrowing of an artery

  • Cariomegaly - enlargement of the heart

  • Aneurysm - localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery

  • Pericarditis - inflammation of the pericardium

  • Atrial fibrillation - rapid, irregular twitching of the atrial wall

  • Ventricular fibrillation - rapid, irregular, contractions of the ventricles

  • Arrhythmia - loss of normal rhythm of the heartbeat

  • Asystole - lack of electrical activity in heart

  • Defibrillation - use of electric shock to restore heart's normal rhythm

  • Perfusion - flow of blood through vessels a part of an organ

  • Hypoperfusion - deficiency of blood passing through vessels

  • Myocarditis - inflammation of myocardium

  • Dyscrasia - pathological condition of the cellular elements if the blood

  • Atherectomy - surgical removal of plague



  • -

Functions of the the lymphatic system and immune

  • Return filtered lymph to the veins at the base of the neck

  • Absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins through the lacteals of the small intestine

  • Remove waste products from the tissues and cooperate with the immune system in destroying pathogens

Structures-Lymphatic Circulation

  • Includes lymphatic capillaries which are blind-ended tunes that collect lymph

  • Lymphatic vessels - Extend from the capillaries, becoming larger

  • The larger vessels are joined together to form two ducts, each drains a specific part of the body and returns the lymph to the venous circulation

Lymph:

  • Part of interstitial fluid

Interstitial Fluid and Lymph

  • Interstitial Fluid = intercellular fluid = tissue fluid

  • Plasma from arterial blood thar goes out through the capillaries delivering nutrients, etc. To the cells

  • Leaving the cells, it brings waste products out

  • 90% is returned to the blood

  • Lymph - 10% doesn’t go back into blood

  • Lymph - returned to blood through lymphatic vessels

  • Lymph is clear; containing electrolytes and proteins

  • Remove dead cells, debris, and pathogens

  • Work with immune system

Structure:

Lymph Nodes -

Lymph Vessels -

Tonsils -

Thymus Gland -

Appendix -

Spleen - large mass of lymphoid tissue, left upper quadrant

Lymphatic New Word Parts

  • Lymph/o - Lymph, lymphatic tissue

  • Lymphaden/o - lymph node or gland

  • Lymphangi/o - lymph vessel

  • Sarc/o - flesh, connective tissue

  • Splen/o - spleen

  • Tonsil/o - tonsils

  • Adenoid/o - adenoids

  • Immun/o - immune, protection, safe

  • Onc/o - tumor

  • Carcin/o - cancer

  • Tox/o - poison, poisonous material

Lymphatic Pathology and Procedures

  • Lymphadenitis - Inflammation of the lymph nodes

  • Lymphadenopathy - disease process affecting the lymph node

  • Lymphangioma - benign tumor formed by abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels

  • Lymphedema - swelling of tissues due to abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within tissues: prevents lymph from draining properly

  • Splenomegaly - abnormal enlargement of spleen

  • Splenectomy - surgical removal of spleen

  • Autoimmune disorder - large group of diseases. Characterized by a condition in which an immune system produces antibodies against itself

  • Carcinoma - malignant tumor in epithelial tissues (cancerous)

  • Sarcoma - malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues (flesh tumor)

  • Lymphoma - malignancies of lymphoid tissues

  • Cytotoxic drug - drug that is poisonous to cells

Word Building Lymphatic and Immune System

  • ne/o, neo- - New

  • Phag/o, -phagia - To eat/swallow

  • -plasm - Formative material of cells

  • Pathogen - Microorganism that causes disease phagocytes - specialized leukocytes that swallow pathogens

  • Macrophage - one of the types of phagoctyes

  • Immunity - state of resistant toward a specific disease

  • Splenorrhagia - Bleeding from spleen

  • Lymphedema - swelling of tissues due to accumulation of lymph fluid

  • Antigen - substance of body regarding being foreign

  • Hypersensitivity (allergy) - overreaction body has to a particular antigen

  • Allergen - antigen that produces an allergic reaction

  • Neoplasm - tumor, abnormal growth of body tissue

  • Metastasize - cancer spreading process

  • Metastasis - new cancer site

  • Tonsill/o - tonsils

Respiratory Structures and Functions

Structures:

  • Upper -

  • Lower -

  • Sinuses -

  • Pharynx -

  • Larynx -

  • Epiglottis -

  • Trachea -

  • Bronchi -

  • Alveoli

  • Lungs

  • Diaphragm

Structure of lungs:

Skin Structures and Functions

The Integumentary System - The Skin

Primary function:

  • First line of defense for the immune system

  • Waterproofs the body

  • Major receptor for the sense of touch

Skin structure:

  • Epidermis: outermost layer

  • Dermis: thick layer of living tissue, under the epidermis

    1. Nerves, tissue, blood vessels, etc.

  • Subcutaneous layer: fatty tissue that is between the skin and muscles

Sweat Glands

  • Secretes sweat to regulate body temps and water content

  • Excreted some metabolic waste

Hair

  • Aids in controlling loss of body heat

  1. Structure: 2. Arrector pili muscle retracts, causing goosebumps and our hair to stand up

Nails

  • Protects dorsal surface of the last bone of each finger and toe

Sebaceous Glands

  • Secret sebum (oil) to lubricate skin

  • Discourages growth of bacteria on skin

Integumentary New Word Parts

  • Cuntane/o - skin

  • Derm/o, dermat/o - skin

  • Hidr/o - sweat

  • Hirsut/o - hairy, rough

  • Kerat/o - horny, hard

  • Lip/o - fat, lipid

  • Melan/o - black, dark

  • Myc/o - fungus

  • Onych/o - fingernail or toenail

  • Pil/i, pil/o - hair

  • Py/o - pus

  • Rhytid/o - wrinkle

  • Seb/o - sebum

  • Urtic/o - rash, hives

  • Xer/o - dry

Integumentary Pathology Terms

  • Seborrhea - overactivity of Sebaceous glands

  • Anhidrosis - abnormal condition of not sweating

  • Hyperbidrosis - abnormal condition of excessive sweating

  • Hirsutism - abnormal condition of excessive facial and body hair in women

  • Onychomycosis - abnormal condition of fungal infection of nail

  • Onychophagia - nail biting or eating

  • Ecchymosis - a bruise

  • Vesicle - a small blister

  • Dermatitis - inflammation of skin

  • Cellulitis - acute, rapidly spreading bacterial infection within connective tissues

  • Pyoderma - acute, pus-forming bacterial skin infection

  • Cicatrix - normal scar gromcthe healing of a wound

  • Pruritis - itching

  • Wheal - welt; small bump that itches

  • Urticaria - hives, itchy wheals caused by an allergic reaction

  • Xeroderma - excessively dry skin

  • Lipoma - benign fatty tumor between skin and muscle layer

  • Melanoma - type of skin cancer that occurs in melanocytes

Burns and Procedure Terms

  • First-degree burn - no blisters, superficial damage to epidermis

  • Second-degree burn - blisters, damage to the epidermis and Dermis

  • Third-degree burn - damage to Dermis, epidermis, and subcutaneous layers. Possibly even to muscle and bone

Terms

  • Lipectomy - surgical removal of fat

  • Dermatoplasty - skin graft; replacement of damaged skin with healthy tissue from a donor

  • Rhytidectomy - facelift; a surgical removal of excess skin and fat from the face to eliminate wrinkles

  • Blepharoplasty - a lid lift; surgical repair of upper and lower eyelids with the removal of excess skin

  • Cauterization - destruction of tissue by burning

  • Cryosurgery - destruction of tissue by freezing

  • Debridement - removal of dirt, foreign object, damaged tissue and cellular debris from a wound

Word Building Integumentary System

an- - without

Hypo - - decreased

Dermat/o - skin

Melan/o - dark, black

Myc/o fungus

Onych/o - nails

Py/o - pus

-pathy - disease

-derma - skin

-it’s- inflammation

-oma - tumor

-sclerosis - hardening

-osis - abnormal condition

  • Albin/o - white

  • Diaphoresis - profuse sweating

  • Folliculitis - inflammation of hair follicle

  • Alopecia - baldness, partial loss of hair

  • Onychocryptosis - ingrown toenail

  • Albinism - deficiency or absence in pigment in skin, hair, irises

  • Petechiae - small, pinpoint hemorrhages, less than 2mm

  • Hematoma - swelling of clotted blood trapped in tissues

  • Crust - scab

  • Purulent - producing or containing pus

  • Exudate - fluid leaking out of a wound

  • Erythema - redness of skin

  • Keloid - abnormally raised or thickened scar

  • Blepharoplasty - lid lift