Interdependence-Interaction-M10_Q2

Page 1

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Page 2: Interdependence of Living Things

  • Key Concept: "No Man is an Island"

    • Every living thing relies on others and its environment.

    • No living creature can survive alone without help from other beings and the environment.

Page 3: What is Ecology?

  • Definition: Branch of biology studying the interactions and interdependence of living things with their environment.

  • Ecosystem:

    • The area where living things associate with each other and their environment.

Page 4: Types of Ecosystems

  • Forest Ecosystem

  • Tundra Ecosystem

  • Desert Ecosystem

  • Grassland Ecosystem

Page 5: Biotic and Abiotic Factors

  • Biotic Factors (Living Things):

    • Plants

    • Animals

    • Microorganisms

  • Abiotic Factors (Non-Living Things):

    • Water

    • Air

    • Light

Page 6: Detailed Biotic and Abiotic Factors

  • Biotic Factors:

    • Bacteria

    • Fungi

    • Plants

    • Archaea

    • Animals

    • Protists

  • Abiotic Factors:

    • Air

    • Salinity

    • Soil

    • Temperature

    • Light

    • Water

    • Minerals

    • pH

    • Humidity

Page 7: Population vs Community

  • Population:

    • Any group of individuals of the same species living in the same place.

    • Example: Clownfish.

  • Community:

    • Two or more populations of different species living in the same area.

    • Example: Clownfish and sea horses.

Page 8: Habitat and Niche

  • Habitat:

    • The place or type of environment where an organism or population lives.

  • Niche:

    • The role or function of a life form within its habitat.

Page 9: Symbiosis

  • Definition: Interaction between organisms of different species that benefits at least one party.

Page 10: Types of Symbiosis

  • Mutualism:

    • Both species benefit.

    • Example: Sea anemone and clownfish.

  • Commensalism:

    • One species benefits, the other is unaffected.

    • Example: Whale and barnacle.

  • Parasitism:

    • One species benefits at the expense of the other.

    • Example: Dog and tick.

Page 11: Food Chain Example

  1. Grasshopper eats plants.

  2. Mouse eats the grasshopper.

  3. Snake eats the mouse.

  4. Eagle eats the snake.

  5. When the eagle dies, fungi break down the body into nutrients.

Page 12: Biotic Potential

  • Measures a species’ ability to survive and adapt based on:

    • Defense mechanisms.

    • Resistance to adverse conditions.

    • Migration.

    • Seed dispersion.

Page 13: Factors Determining Biotic Potential

  • Number of offspring per reproduction.

  • Chances of survival.

  • Age at which reproduction begins.

  • Frequency of reproduction per individual.

Page 14: Environmental Resistance

  • The unfavorable biotic and abiotic factors that increase death rates within a population.

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Page 16: Carrying Capacity

  • Definition: Maximum number of individuals an ecosystem can support.

  • Influenced by:

    • Biotic potential.

    • Environmental resistance.

  • If the population exceeds carrying capacity, competition for resources will arise, limiting population density.

Page 17: Quote

  • "Eventually, we'll realize that if we destroy the ecosystem, we destroy ourselves." - Jonas Salk