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Differences Between Delirium, Dementia, and Depression

• Overview
  • Delirium, dementia, and depression are different, yet often confused conditions affecting many older adults.
  • Not part of normal aging; they require alertness to signs and symptoms.

Delirium

• Definition

  • A rapid onset condition that affects brain function, usually temporary (lasting 1-7 days).

• Causes

  • Illness, prolonged bed rest, confusing environment, pain.

• Risk Factors

  • Older adults, individuals with depression or dementia, recent hip fractures, or major surgeries (e.g., heart surgery).

• Symptoms

  • Poor concentration
  • Difficulty remembering things
  • Confusion about time and place
  • Hallucinations (seeing/hearing things that aren’t there)
  • Sleepiness or slow response
  • Eating/sleeping problems
  • Personality changes
  • Lack of interest in activities

• Signs

  • Symptoms can fluctuate, indicating the need for prompt healthcare intervention.

Dementia

• Definition

  • A progressive disorder affecting memory, mood, learning, and behavior, developing over months or years.

• Key Characteristics

  • Not caused by aging, but more prevalent in older adults.
  • Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia.

• Symptoms

  • Difficulty with familiar tasks (banking, driving)
  • Problems with thinking, problem-solving, learning new information or language
  • Memory loss impacting daily activities
  • Disorientation regarding time and place
  • Changes in personality, mood, or behavior
  • A loss of initiative
  • Poor judgment

• Living with Dementia

  • Individuals with dementia can still lead meaningful lives despite challenges.

Depression

• Definition

  • A medical illness, not a sign of weakness; may manifest throughout one's life or due to significant life changes.

• Causes

  • Major life changes such as loss of a loved one, loss of independence, or developing dementia.

• Symptoms

  • Changes in sleep patterns (more/less sleep)
  • Loss of interest in favorite activities
  • Low energy levels
  • Changes in appetite
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Physical symptoms like aches, pains, constipation
  • Feelings of guilt, hopelessness, worthlessness
  • Thoughts of self-harm or suicide

• Signs

  • Seriousness of the condition necessitates consulting a healthcare provider for assessment and treatment options.

Seek Help

• When to Seek Care

  • If exhibiting signs of delirium, dementia, or depression, immediate consultation with healthcare providers is critical.
  • Professional assessments can lead to appropriate care and support.

• Resources

  • Further information on these conditions and guidance can be accessed from RNAO’s fact sheets.
  • Example: Delirium: How You Can Help.