Mc chapter 4 terms

Audiotape - lightweight magnetized strands of ribbon that make possible sound editing and multiple-track mixing; instrumentals or vocals can be recorded at one location and later mixed onto a master recording in another studio

Stereo - the recording of 2 separate channels or tracks of sound

Analog recording - a recording that is made by capturing the fluctuations of the original sound waves and storing those signals on records or cassettes as a continuous stream of magnetism-analogous to the actual sound

Digital recording - music recorded and played back by laser beam rather than by needle or magnetic tape

Compact discs - playback-only storage discs for music that incorporate pure and very precise digital techniques, thus eliminating noise during recording and editing sessions

MP3 - an advanced type of audio compression that reduces file size, enabling audio to be easily distributed over the internet and to be digitally transmitted in real time

Pop music - popular music that appeals either to a wide cross section of the public based on age, region, or ethnic background; the word pop has also been used as a label to distinguish popular music from classical music

Jazz - an improvisational and mostly instrumental musical form that absorbs and integrates a diverse body of musical styles, including African rhythms, blues, big band, and gospel

Cover music -a song recorded or performed by another artist 

Rock and roll - music that merges the African American influences of urban blues, gospel, and R&B with the white influences of country, folk, and pop vocals

Blues - originally a kind of black folk music, this emerged as a distinct category of music in the early 1900s; it was influenced by African American spirituals, ballads, and work songs from the rural South, and by urban guitar and vocal solos from the 1930s and 1940s.

Rhythm and blues - music that merges urban blues with big-band sounds

Rockabilly - music that mixes bluegrass and country influences with those of black folk music and early amplified blues

Soul - music that mixes gospel, blues, and urban and southern black styles with slower, more emotional, and melancholic lyric

Folk Music - music performed by untrained musicians and passed down through oral traditions; it encompasses a wide range of music, from Appalachian fiddle tunes to the accordion-led zydeco of Louisiana

Folk-rock - amplified folk music, often featuring politically overt lyrics; influenced by rock and roll

Punk rock - rock music that challenges the orthodoxy and commercialism of the record business; it is characterized by simple chord structures, catchy melodies, and politically or socially challenging lyrics

Grunge - rock music that takes the spirit of punk and infuses it with more attention to melody

Hip-hop - music that combines spoken street dialect with cuts (or samples) from older records and bears the influences of social politics, swagger, and confrontational lyrics carried forward from blues, R&B, soul, and rock and roll

Gangster rap - a style of rap music that depicts the hardships of urban life and sometimes glorifies the violent style of street gangs

Oligopoly - in media economics, an organizational structure in which a few firms control most of an industry’s production and distribution resources

Indies - independent music and film production houses that work outside industry oligopolies; they often produce less mainstream music and film

A & R - talent scouts of the music business who discover, develop, and sometimes manage performers