Botany

Adaptations and other things:

Transpiration - how water moves in and out

A Xerophyte - Plant for dry place

Ex of adaptations:

  • Deep roots to get more water

  • Waxy cuticles to keep water in

  • Reduced leaf size to minimize transpiration

Rolled Leaves - To maintain humidity and reduce wind flow

Stomata in pits - to make more humidity aroudn the stomata entrance and be less exposed to wind

Leaf hairs - to reduce air and trap water and moisture.

Short plant - Less wind.

Thick waxy cuticle - Its like a plastic protector.

Parts of a leaf:

Cuticle - The outer layer on the leaf that protects the plant from water loss.

Mesophyl - Helps with various things and especially secreting and holding things like oils and starch.

Palisade Layer - Exposed to light, photosynthesis.

Spongy mesophyll - is where the gas reactions occur.

Veins - network of moving water, solute and photosynthetic things.

Leaf - Exposed to sunlight and Carbon

Calvin Cycle

Carbon Fixation -

Reduction Phase -

Regenerate RuBP -

Ions collected by Roots - Ca2 / Mg2 / Na / H2o / K

What do ROOT HAIRS do? - Make the surface area go super high

The more water the more _____ - Ions

Getting water and Ions in requires ______- ATP

Hyper / Hypo / Iso - Water leaves / Water enters / Water stays

Apoplast - Water goes thru spaces between cells

Symplast - Thru the plasmodesmada (Between cells)

Apoplast and Symplat Goal - Reach the Xylem

Xylem - Pipe of tubular dead cells that go from the root to the stem of the leaf

Lignin - Polymer that strengthens the Xylem with spiral rings

Tropism - Response to external stimulus

Phototropism - Light

Gravitropism - Gravity

Thigmotropism - Touch

Chemotropism - Chemicals

Hydrotropism - Water

Plants grow Upwards bc - They grow towards the sun.

Charles Darwin Experiment - The tip of the plant reacts to light, and bends towards it.

Geotropism - The side of the roots without Oxin will be longer

Oxin in shoots - The side of the shoot without Oxin will be the shorter

Negative geotropism - Against gravity

Positive geotropism - With gravity

Pollination - Taking pollen from anther to stigma of the flower

Fertilizing - Creating the Zygote / fertilizing the egg

Female Gametes - In the ovaries

Sperm - Pollen grain

Stigma - top of the carpel

Style - mid section of the carpel

Ovaries - bottom of the carpel

Avoid self pollinization - Stigma and Anther are super far away and need a pollinator

Ethylene - Gas hormone

Positive Feedback - The response to a problem makes the same response

Negative Feedback - You hot so u sweat, then u get cold and shiver which makes u get hot again, etc.etc.etc.