Biological Molecules

Compare and Contrast Functional Groups

	Hydroxyl	Carbonyl	Carboxyl	Amino	Sulfhydryl	Phosphate	Methyl
Bond	-OH Oxygen bound to hydrogen	=O C with double covalent bond to O	-COOH C with double bond to O AND single bond to OH	-NH2 N bound to 2 H’s	-SH S bound to H	-PO4H2 O bonded to phosphorous, bonded to 1 O and 2 OH’s	-CH3 C bonded to 3 H, all single bonds
Polarity	Polar	Polar	Polar	Polar	Weakly Polar	Polar and Non-polar	Non-polar
Hydro	Hydrophilic	Hydrophilic	Hydrophilic	Hydrophilic	Hydrophilic	Hydrophilic	Hydrophobic

Compare and Contrast Biological Molecules

	Carbohydrates	Lipids	Proteins	Nucleic Acids
Structure	Made of C, H, and O	Not Polymers	Monomers - Amino acids Primary, secondary, tertiary	DNA and RNA
Functions	Fuel Structure	Hormones Energy	Structure, signalizing, enzymes, defense, transport,	Heredity
Families	Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides	Saturated Fatty Acids Unsaturated Fatty Acids Glycerol - hydroxyl Phospholipids - phosphate group Steroids
Polymers	Makes polymers - polysaccharides	NO polymers - macromolecules	Make polymers
Monomers	Monosaccharides, hydrophilic Carbonyl and hydroxyl	hydrophobic Fatty acid - carboxyl	AA - hydrophilic Amino and carboxyl
Link	Glycosidic linkage	Ester Linkage	Peptide bond

Compare and Contrast Hydrolysis and Dehydration Synthesis

	Dehydration Synthesis	Hydrolysis
Action	Builds	Breaks
H2O	Removes H20	Splits H2O and adds it to monomer

Compare and Contrast the Levels of Protein Structure

Primary	Secondary	Tertiary	Quarternary
Polypeptide			two polypeptides
	Localized folding - short distance	Long distance folding
	Backbone of polypeptide	Side Chains
AA Acids interacting with each other	Hydrogen Bonds (amino and carboxyl)	Any bonds