RE-REVIEWER

Morality

  • Definition: A set of values, principles, and behaviors guiding interpersonal interactions.

    • Values: Good repeated actions (habits).

    • Vices: Opposites of values.

    • Principles: Basis of beliefs (e.g., Martyrdom).

    • Behavior: Traits dictating proper action.

  • Etymology: From Latin "Moralitas" (manner/proper behavior) and "Moris" (custom).

Human Acts

  • Human Act: Voluntary actions done with full knowledge.

  • Acts of Human: Involuntary actions performed without knowledge.

History of Morality in the Bible

  • Mosaic Law: 613 laws (Mitzyot).

  • Kosher: Dietary practices of Judaism.

  • Constitution: Basic law of laws (e.g., 10 Commandments).

  • Beatitude: Dignity of the human person.

Man’s Freedom

  • Freedom: The power to act or not act, requiring responsibility.

Catholic Moral Theology

  • An action's morality determined by:

    1. Object: What the action is.

    2. Intention: Purpose behind the action.

    3. Circumstances: Context and specifics surrounding the action.

Conscience

  • Definition: Judgment of reason recognizing the moral quality of acts before, during, or after performing them.

  • Obligatory to follow what is just and right.

  • Acts as a messenger of divine law.

  • Formation: Educating conscience through reason and alignment with God's will.

Types and Levels of Conscience

  • Lifelong Task: Developing knowledge of moral interior law from childhood.

  • Formation: Influenced by environment and spiritual teachings.

  • Christian Conscience Formation: Involves Christ's teachings, faith, prayer, and Church guidance.

Types of Conscience

  • Good Conscience: Aligns with faith and good actions.

  • Erroneous Conscience: Misjudges moral actions (can stem from ignorance).

Work of Conscience

  • Crucial dimensions of moral acts:

    1. Act Chosen

    2. Intention

    3. Circumstances

Moral Decision Making

  • Right decisions align with divine law through seeking truth and guidance.

Sins

  • Definition: Offense against reason and love for God and neighbor; disobedience to God.

  • Types of Sins:

    • Mortal Sin: Severe violation leading to loss of charity and grace.

    • Venial Sin: Lesser offense that weakens charity.

Conditions for Mortal Sin

  1. Grave Matter: Defined by the 10 Commandments.

  2. Full Knowledge: Awareness of sinful nature.

  3. Deliberate Consent: Meaningful choice to sin.

Capital Sins**

  • Seven root sins leading to further vices:

    1. Pride

    2. Avarice

    3. Envy

    4. Wrath

    5. Lust

    6. Gluttony

    7. Sloth

Theological Virtues

  • Faith: Belief in God and His truth.

  • Hope: Desiring eternal life and relying on God's promises.

  • Charity: Loving God and neighbor, embodying the new commandment of Christ.

Gifts of the Holy Spirit

  • Seven Gifts: Wisdom, Understanding, Counsel, Fortitude, Knowledge, Piety, Fear of the Lord.

  • Fruits of the Spirit: Include charity, joy, peace, patience, etc.

Summary

  • Sin is an act against divine law, affecting personal and communal relationships.

  • Mortal sins destroy charity; venial sins weaken but do not destroy it.

  • Continuous sin can lead to deeper moral decay, impacting one's relationship with God.

  • Final judgment and forgiveness hinge on individual repentance and acceptance of God's mercy.