Gastrointestinal, Genitourinary, & Sexually Transmitted Infections

1. Discuss the basics of the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of diseases caused by

the following organisms:

a. Escherichia (gram negative rod):

Pathogenesis (How it causes disease):

ETEC: enterotoxins increase water secretion → watery diarrhea.

EHEC: Shiga-like toxin damages intestinal cells → bloody diarrhea and HUS. Toxin in blood binds capillaries → schistocytes, HUS

UTI: P pili help the bacteria stick to the urinary tract.

Sepsis: capsule and endotoxin impair phagocytosis.

Epidemiology (Who gets it/How it's spread):

ETEC: contaminated food or water while traveling.

Epideomology:

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b. Salmonella

c. Shigella

d. Klebsiella

e. Enterobacter

f. Serratia

g. Proteus

h. Providencia

i. Morganella

j. Vibrio

k. Campylobacter

l. Helicobacter

m. Pseudomonas

n. Candida

o. Entamoeba

p. Giardia

q. Cryptosporidium

2. Discuss the basics of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, common pathogens, and treatment of

the following gastrointestinal tract infections:

a. Esophagitis

b. Gastritis

c. Diarrhea (gastroenteritis, enterocolitis)

d. Enteric fever (i.e. Typhoid fever)

3. Review the basics of the important properties, transmission and epidemiology, pathogenesis and

immunity, clinical findings, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the following viruses:

a. Hepatitis A virus

b. Hepatitis B virus

c. Hepatitis C virus

d. Hepatitis D virus

e. Hepatitis E virus

4. Discuss the basics of the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of diseases caused by

the following organisms:

a. Trichomonas vaginalis

b. Herpes simplex virus

c. Neisseria gonorrhoeae

d. Chlamydia trachomatis

e. Treponema pallidum

f. Haemophilus ducreyi

g. Gardnerella vaginalis

h. Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma hominis

5. Discuss the basics of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, common pathogens, and treatment of

the following common pelvic infections:

a. Genital ulcer disease

b. Vaginitis

c. Cervicitis

d. Pelvic inflammatory disease

e. Cystitis

f. Pyelonephritis

g. Asymptomatic bacteriuria

h. Urethritis

i. Prostatitis