chemistry: chapter 16, pt. 2
Introduction to Alkanes
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons characterized by C-C single bonds.
Carbon Chain Length Indicators
Stems indicating the length of the main carbon chain:
meth-: 1 carbon
eth-: 2 carbons
prop-: 3 carbons
but-: 4 carbons
pent-: 5 carbons
hex-: 6 carbons
hept-: 7 carbons
oct-: 8 carbons
non-: 9 carbons
dec-: 10 carbons
Determining Hydrogen Count in Alkanes
Linear Alkanes
Formula: C_nH_(2n+2) where n = number of carbon atoms.
Example:
For 8 carbons (C8): H = 2(8)+2 = 18 (C8H18)
Cycloalkanes
Formula: C_nH_(2n) where n = number of carbon atoms.
Example:
For 12 carbons (C12): H = 2(12) = 24 (C12H24)
Practice Questions
Question 1
Which element can form stable covalent bonds with itself and others?
a. Hydrogen
b. Carbon (correct answer)
Question 2
What are hydrocarbons with C-C bonds in a chain?
d. Alkanes (correct answer)
Question 3
Identify the substance with the molecular formula C7H16.
b. Heptane (correct answer)
Question 4
What is the molecular formula for an alkane with 13 carbon atoms?
Formula: C_nH_(2n+2)
Answer: a. C13H28 (correct answer)
Question 5
Name the structure provided (from Chapter 16).
Example answers include:
a. butane
b. isoheptane
c. isopentane
d. hexane
e. neopentane
Question 6
Which is the condensed structural formula for nonane?
a. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 (correct answer)
Question 7
What is the condensed formula of the pictured structure?
b. CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3 (correct answer)
Question 8
Identify the condensed structural formula (from the hints).
Question 9
Name the pictured structure (parent chain is Heptane)?
Question 10
What is the IUPAC name of the compound with CH3CH(CH3)CH2Br?
Question 12
What are compounds with atoms joined in a ring?
b. Cycloalkanes (correct answer)
Question 13
Identify the simplest cycloalkane.
d. Cyclopropane (correct answer)
Question 14
What is the molecular formula for cyclohexane?
d. C6H12 (correct answer)
Naming Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
Importance of skeletal structures in identifying branches and correct naming conventions.
Review IUPAC naming conventions based on the structure provided in Chapter 16 materials.