Rococo, Neoclassicism, and Romanticism Art Movements

Derived from French words "rocaille" and "coquille" (rock and shell).
Expression of frivolity and joyous lust for life.
Depicts aristocracy in parks and gardens with Cupids.
World of fantasy, grace, and exotic tastes.
Favored elaborate ornamentation and intricate detailing.
Paintings celebrated aristocratic lifestyle and pastimes.
Jean-Antoine Watteau (1684–1721): French painter of love scenes; Pilgrimage to Cythera (1717) depicts a pilgrimage to the goddess Aphrodite's birthplace.
Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun (1755–1842): A leading portrait painter, with elements of Rococo and Neoclassical styles; Marie Antoinette and Her Children (1788) aimed to revitalize the queen's reputation.

Arose in the 18th century, mirroring Greek and Roman ideals.
Inspired by archaeological rediscoveries (Pompeii, Herculaneum).
Return to science, history, mathematics, and anatomical correctness.
Opposed Rococo's decorative and gaudy styles.
Belief that art should express ideal virtues and improve viewers morally.
Architecture based on simplicity, symmetry, and mathematics.
Jacques-Louis David: Napoleon at Saint Bernard Pass (1800) connects Napoleon to Roman equestrian portraits.
Napoleon used the arts to project France as a new imperial Rome, constructing arches of triumph.
Antonio Canova: Neoclassical sculptor; Paolina Bonaparte Borghese's portrait recalls reclining Venus.

Rose as Neoclassicism declined; both styles coexisted in the early 1800s.
Embraced struggles for freedom, equality, and justice.
Explored emotional and psychological states.
Francisco de Goya: The Executions of the Third of May, 1808 (1814) depicts the aftermath of a French army massacre, showing the inhumanity of warfare.
Eugène Delacroix: Liberty Leading the People (1830) refers to the July 1830 uprising; uses drama to highlight heroism, death, and suffering.