Grade 9 English

PART A: PARTS OF SPEECH & GRAMMAR

Noun : A word that names a person, place, thing, or idea (Examples: Noah, Montreal, snow, friendship).

Pronoun : A word that takes the place of a noun to avoid repetition (Examples: he, she, it, they, someone).

Verb : A word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being (Examples: travel, freezing, is, seems).

Adjective : A word that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun (Examples: vast, bitter, isolated, cultural).

Adverb : A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb; answers how, when, where, or to what extent (Examples: neatly, quietly, slowly, very).

Preposition : A word that shows the spatial, temporal, or logical relationship between a noun/pronoun and other words (Examples: in room 273, on the snowmobile, across the tundra).

Conjunction : A word used to connect words, phrases, or clauses together (Examples: and, but, or, because, although).

Interjection : A word or phrase used to express sudden or strong emotion; usually followed by an exclamation point (Examples: Wow!, Oh no!, Look!).

PART B: LITERARY TERMS (ELEMENTS OF A STORY)

Plot : The organized sequence of events that make up a story (Introduction, Rising Action, Climax, Falling Action, Resolution).

Setting : The physical location, time period, and social environment in which a story takes place.

Narrator : The voice or character telling the story to the reader.

First-Person Point of View : The narrator is a character in the story who tells it from their own perspective using "I", "me", and "we".

Third-Person Point of View : An outside narrator tells the story about the characters using pronouns like "he", "she", "they", and "them".

Internal Conflict : A psychological struggle that takes place within a character's own mind (Character vs. Self).

External Conflict : A struggle between a character and an outside force, such as another person, nature, or society (Character vs. Character, Character vs. Nature).

Irony : A contrast between expectation and reality; when the opposite of what is expected to happen actually occurs.

Flashback : A literary device where the chronological sequence of a story is interrupted to show an event that happened in the past.

Theme : The deeper underlying message, moral, or lesson about life that the author wants the reader to understand.

PART B: TYPES OF PARAGRAPHS & MLA

Narrative Paragraph : A paragraph written to share an experience, explain an event, or tell a sequential story.

Expository Paragraph : A paragraph written strictly to inform, explain, analyze, or clarify a specific topic or idea using facts and evidence.

Descriptive Paragraph : A paragraph that uses rich sensory details (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch) to paint a vivid picture of a subject.

Persuasive Paragraph : A paragraph designed to convince the reader to agree with a specific opinion, argument, or point of view.

MLA Page Setup Rules : 1-inch margins on all sides, standard 12pt font (like Times New Roman), and the entire document must be double-spaced.

MLA 4-Line Identification Block : Placed on the top-left of the first page: 1. Student Name, 2. Teacher Name, 3. Course Code (ENL1W), 4. Date (18 June 2026).

MLA Running Header : The student's last name followed by a page number, placed in the top-right corner of every page (Example: Smith 1).

PART C: FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

Simile : A comparison of two unlike things using the words "like" or "as" (Example: The wind cut like a knife).

Metaphor : A direct comparison of two unlike things by stating that one thing IS the other, without using like or as (Example: The frozen landscape was a blank canvas).

Personification : A device that gives human traits, emotions, or actions to non-human objects, animals, or ideas (Example: The northern lights danced across the sky).

Hyperbole : An extreme, deliberate exaggeration used for emphasis or dramatic effect rather than literal truth (Example: I’ve been waiting a million years for this exam to start).

PARTS D & E: NOVEL ANALYSIS & WRITING

The Middle of Everywhere (Author) : Written by Monique Polak; the novel focuses on a young protagonist named Noah navigating life, culture, and isolation in the Canadian Arctic.

The Middle of Everywhere (Setting) : Set in George River (Kangiqsualujjuaq), a remote Inuit community in Nunavik, northern Quebec.

CER Framework for Paragraph Writing : A structural format for analytical writing: Claim (your point), Evidence (a specific example from the text), and Reasoning (explaining how the evidence proves your claim).

Expository Paragraph Mark Distribution : /2 Topic Sentence, /9 Supporting Sentences (3 CER points), /2 Concluding Sentence, /4 Language Conventions, /3 MLA Format (Total: 20 marks).

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