AVS 1510

  1. Horses

   

  1. Reproduction

       1. Stocks

           1. Used for restraint. 2. Assists in AI, ultrasounding, dentals, and passing endoscope 3. Wood door in stock is called a foal stock. Used if the mare in the stock has a foal 2. AI only is used at Clemson. (much safer 3. Live Cover is popular with Thoroughbreds 4. Phantom- a structure for a stallion to mount to collect semen 5. Tease shoot- a wall in between the stallion and a mare with a cut out. Stallion is teased by the mare and gets him in the mood to breed. Then semen is collected when he mounts the phantom 6. AV- Artificial Vagina is placed on erection to collect semen 7. Semen

           1. Fresh:1-2 hrs 2. Shipping next day: use ice packs. Lasts 48 hrs 3. Must freeze if they need it longer 8. Mares can breed once they are three but clemson doesn’t breed until well into teens 9. Why foaling in stalls vs pasture

           1. Privacy (biggest reason) 2. Easy assistance if needed 3. Allows students to learn 10. They are placed in stalls abt 4-6 weeks before foaling 11. To know, they test the mares' milk. 12. Pregnancy - 340 days, 11 month gestation.

           1. First stage looks like colic 2. Stage two: water breaks, foal is out in 30 min 3. Stage three, the placenta passes through

  1. Care

       1. Ferriers- come every 4-7 weeks for hoof care

  1. Feed

       1. Most important is hay

          1. Coastal- local, easy to grow, intestinal issues (colic) 2. Fescu- fungus in it (good), no negative effects, causes abortions in pregnant mares 3. Alfalfa- high in protein, used as a supplement 2. Grain

          1. High fat, High fiber: used for middle aged riding horses. More energy more calories 2. Seniors: high fiber and probiotics 3. Ratio balancer: Vitamins and minerals 4. Growth (younger horses): High protein  3. Feedroom

          1. Used to track individual feeding 4. Horses eat 2ce per day

  1. Terms

       1. Filly- female >4 yrs 2. Colt- male >4 years 3. Mare- adult female 4. Broodmare- mare used for breeding purposes 5. Stallion- uncastrated adult male 6. Gelding- castrated adult male 7. Dystocia- difficulty in pregnancy 8. Tease- mare teases stallion before he mounts the phantom 9. Pedigree- documentation of heredity 10. Conformation- how a horse is built 11. Green- inexperienced/wild horse 12. Markings- coloring of horse 13. Crossities- two pieces of rope attached to either side of wall. 14. Wash rack: grooming 15. Arena- enclosed riding space 16. Hotwalker- mechanically walks horses 17. Paddock- small pasture 18. Pasture- grazing area 19. Grain- seed from cereal plants 20. Salt/ mineral blocks- ways for horses to gain salt and minerals

  1. Disease

       1. Colic- horses are hind fermenters and are prone to digestive problems. They need to be carefully fed 2. Coggins test- tests for equine infectious anemia 3. Vaccinated 1 time per year (spring specifically) 4. Deworming: Fecal analysis. Foals dewormed every 2 months their first year 5. Tapeworm: Untraceable (1ce per year) 6. Broodmares get vaccine boosts 7. Rabies: 1ce per year

  1. Age

       1. Weanling- >6 weeks (foal) 2. Yearling- 1 year (foal) 3. Young horse: 1-4 years 4. Senior: 20-30 yrs 5. Aged: 6>  6. Foals are weaned at 5 months

  1. More

       1. Roundpen- Used for training foals and young horses 2. Horses are measured in hands 4” 3. Lifespan - 25-30 yrs 4. About 50 horses at CU center 5. Foaling happens in February

  1. Chickens

   

  1. Rooms

       1. Free Range house- Chickens have access to both indoor and outdoor

          1. Protection from predators (wire and electric fence) 2. Shade cloth 3. Turkens and dominiques live there 2. Turkey brooder house (no turkeys)

          1. Evaporative cooler- pulls air through water and lowers the temp 5- 10 degrees 2. SCWL, Minorcas, Rhode Island Reds, Dominiques 3. Solar Brooder House

          1. Incubator - set to 100F and 50% humidity 2. Spend 18 days in the incubator, turned every hour 3. Spend 3 days in the hatchery 4. Brooder is set for 100F the first week and decreases by 5F every week after that. Week 4 they are taken out bc they are fully feathered 4. Egg room

          1. Cooler- where eggs are put 2. Candler and egg grader- looks to see internal cracked, blood spots. Organizes eggs by size 3. Kept in cooler 7-10 days before incubation

  1. Breeds

       1. Turkens- look like turkeys but all chicken

          1. Dual purpose 2. Dominiques- Endangered

          1. Dual purpose 2. Rose comb 3. Woddle 3. SCWL- white eggs, #1 layers, Italian 4. Minorcas- mean, white egg, layers 5. Rhode island reds- Brown eggs 6. Cornish Cross- Broiler

          1. 8-9 lbs 2. Harvested at 6-8 weeks 7. Light Brahmas- lay pink eggs, feathered shanks, from india 8. Americanas- Lay teal egg 9. Tetras- Cross of RIR. Roosters are white, hens are brown. Sex linked

  1. Age terms

       1. Hen- female 2. Rooster- uncastrated male 3. Capon- Castrated male 4. Pullet- young hen 1 year or younger

  1. Reproduction

       1. Color of egg depends on earlobe color 

          1. Red earlobe- brown egg, White earlobe- white egg 2. 1st eggs are small and have no yolk. Come from pullets

  1. Compost

       1. What is put in?

          1. Litter, dead birds, old eggs 2. 1in of material calls for 1 lb of water 3. Need a license to compost 4. Set at 160F. That is when most bacteria die 5. Litter and compost can be fertilizer

  1. More

       1. Hold a chicken close to body, wings tucked 2. Spur- extra claw 3. They sell chickens and eggs 4. Molt- this is where chickens shed their feathers. It is a rest process. Can’t lay 5. Pipping- chick cracks out of shell 6. Avian influenza- disease in birds. CU doesn't need to vaccinate. The birds are already immune

  1. Pigs

   

  1. Reproduction- Gestation is 114 days. 3 months 3 weeks 3 days

       1. Estrous: 21 days 2. Farrowing crates- Sows are restricted from moving in these crates to not accidentally crush litter, waste bin locate beneath 3. Group Housing- Piglets with 3 days of one another are kept together 4. Sows are brought to Boar barn to be pushed further into heat 5. They use AI, semen mixed with chemicals to increase longevity 6. Standing heat- sow is ready for insemination 7. Sows have about 10 piglets per litter. Can be bred 2 times a year, sometimes 3 8. Strive to breed gilts at 5 months 9. Sow cycle

           1. Gestation farm, farrowing house, back to gestation farm 2. Repeat for 3-4 years until culled 10. Ready to re breed after 5-7 days of her piglets being weaned 11. Can’t cycle when lactating

  1. Age

       1. Boar- Mature Male 2. Barrow- Castrated Male 3. Gilt- young female ( hasn’t farrowed) 4. Sow- breeding female 5. Piglets after birth: 

          1. Day 1- needle teeth dulled, tails docked, notch ears, iron injection, weighed, vaccinated 2. Day 7- males are castrated 6. Piglets are kept by sow for 21 days then sent to nursery or 4-6 weeks

  1. Terms

       1. Finish- Feeding and raising a pig to market weight 2. Farrow- sow giving birth to litter 3. Starkeys controls what happens from farrow to finish 4. Feeder pig- weaned pig weighing to be sold to finish for slaughter 5. Waste is sent through grates leading to a lagoon 6. Needle teeth- sharp teeth in piglets that are dulled down after birth

  1. Breeds

       1. Colored, Spotted, white, purebred 2. Maternal- Produce larger piglets, piglets that gain a lot after weaning, lactate more than most, more fertile. 3. Terminal- Breed cross breeds then go to market 4. Commercial cross- companies prefer crossbreeding bc it produces better traits 5. Shire suggests erect ears

  1. ID

       1. Piglets get ear notches to ID them 2. Right ear- litter ID 3. Left ear- individual ID

  1. Feed

       1. Corn and soy 2. Sows: 4lb daily 3. Piglets: solid feeder kept full (creed feed). Nipple waters to transition from milk to high protein feed. 4. Farrowing sows: 2X a day, allows sows to regain weight back after farrowing 5. Cargill unit- goes into food nutrition

  1. Meat

       1. Harvested at 270 lbs at 5 months

  1. More

       1. Kept cool by

          1. Drip mechanism for farrowing sows 2. Sows during gestation have air passing through sprinklers and tarp when cold 3. Nursery is at a controlled temp for warmth 2. Reproductive inefficiency it the number one reason why piglets are culled 3. Board is the most beneficial way to move hogs 4. Maternal Ward-sows are washed and disinfected 3-4 days before farrowing 5. Gestation house- where sows wait to give birth and are grouped 6. Each sow has an Id car to keep track of when she was breed, who bred her, and when her next heat is 7. Pigs can’t sweat

  1. Dairy

    1. Reproduction- Gestation 283 days, 9 months

        1. Stickers are kept on backs 2. If a cow is mounted it means she is in standing heat and is able to breed 3. Sticker will turn orange if this happen 4. Need to have a calf to produce milk 5. Breed abt 12 to 15 months old so at 2 she can calf 6. Estrous period is 9 months 7. First milk is colostrum (can’t drink it) has immunity for calves 8. Lactation at 305 days after calf is born  9. Give 60 days to dry up then rebreed 10. Calves are born all year round 11. After 60 days after calf. The cow Will produce the most amount of milk. After that it will plateau  12. As soon as calf is born it is taken from mother

            1. Fed 2ce a day with bottles colostrum 2. Weaned from milk at 8 weeks 2. Terms

        1. Mastitis- bacterial infection from unclean utter 2. Quarter- each of the 4 teats  3. Withdrawal- when a cow takes meds, for 60 days their milk can’t be used. It is dumped out 4. Gray water- water containing urine and feces that is drained by the sloped ground 5. Button canal

            1. Cut into the rumen 2. Access the rumen to see what feed digests best 3. Harvest digested food from the rumen to run tests 4. Put good rumen bacteria in rumen to fight diseases 6. Fresh cow- Just started lactation 7. Kaylen gates- used for research 8. Total Mixed Ration- goal is that each cow can consume the required level of nutrients in each bite. Includes forages, grains, proteins, vitamins, and minerals 9. Hutch- individual pen with shelter and outdoor area where calves live. First few weeks 10. Dry cow- Dairy cow in lactation cycle when milk production stops prior to calving. 60- 40 days 11. Parlor- where cows are milked 12. Days of milk- the 50-70 day period when a cow has been producing milk 13. Silos- For storage. Holds feed and supplies 14. Dam- mother of calf 15. Sire- father of calf 16. Chain collar- used for ID. goes around neck 17. Brisket Board- wooden board used to help cows lay down 18. Cull- exit of cows from herd bc of sale or slaughter 3. Milk tank

        1. Below 40 F  2. Just holds the milk 3. 33,000 lbs of milk 4. Sample is collected before put on the truck 4. Hospital

        1. Injuries 2. Sicknesses 3. Specialized surgery schute 4. Lower displaced abomasum- When cows calf they will have an 80-110 lb calf, organs may get shifted around after calving 5. Feed

        1. Always filled troughs 2. 3 day old feed is taken out and replaced 3. New feed is given every 8-12 hrs 6. Care 7. Lamster Adair (milking machine)

        1. 100-200 head 2. Arm pre rinses utter 3. Re milks cow for leftover milk 4. Sprays off utter 5. Maintains proper udder structure 6. Records what cow was milked, when, more 7. Stripping- milks residual milk 8. It can tell when a cow is on medication and will dump that milk 9. Milked 2 times per day 8. Breeds

        1. Jersey- quality not quantity 2. Holstein- quantity not quality 3. Swiss- mix of both 9. Processing plant

        1. Takes the samples and test them 2. If test fails, it is dumped 3. U pay if your milk fails the test 4. Undertow 2 process 5. Pasteurization- heats it up to kill bacteria 6. Homogenization- mix it all together

  1. Free style barn

        1. Sloped concrete slabs to drain urine and feces 2. Automatic Scratching post 3. Sand in each stall

           1. Reused because it doesn’t hold a lot of bacteria like shavings 4. Automatic scratching post 5. High ceiling for airflow