STS Midterm Notes

Indigenous Science (UCG)

  • Uses Science Process Skills

  • Composed of Traditional Knowledge

  • Guided by Community Culture and Values of Indigenous Science

  • Predicting Weather Conditions Through Animal Behavior and Celestial Bodies

  • Utilizing Herbal Medicine

  • Methods for Food Preservation

  • Categorizing Plants and Animals Based on Cultural Practices

  • Selecting Seeds for Planting

  • Indigenous Technology into Daily Life

  • Establishing Local Irrigation Systems

  • Identifying Soil Types for Planting Using Cultural Criteria

  • Crafting Wine and Juices from Tropical Fruits

  • Maintaining custom of growing plants and vegetables in their yard

4 KINDS OF CLOUDS

Circus Clouds

  • Definition: Unofficial term for clouds that resemble shapes or figures, often seen as animals or objects.

  • Formation: Created by wind patterns and atmospheric conditions shaping the clouds.

  • Common Sight: Often observed by people who enjoy cloud-watching or have vivid imagin

Cumulus Clouds

  • Description: Fluffy, white clouds with flat bases and rounded tops.

  • Formation: Form due to vertical development caused by rising air currents.

  • Weather Significance: Usually indicate fair weather, but can develop into larger storm clouds.

Stratus Clouds

  • Appearance: Low-lying, gray clouds covering the sky like a blanket.

  • Formation: Form from the condensation of water vapor in stable air masses.

  • Weather Significance: Often bring light rain or drizzle, but can also lead to prolonged overcast conditions.

Nimbus Clouds

  • Characteristics: Dark, thick clouds associated with heavy precipitation.

  • Types: Nimbus clouds include nimbostratus (produces steady rain) and cumulonimbus (thunderstorm clouds).

  • Weather Significance: Indicate imminent or ongoing rainfall, storms, or other severe weather conditions.

TYPES OF SOIL

  1. SAND

    • Is gritty and consist of small particles of rock and materials

  2. SILT

    • very fertile soil. Similar composition to sand but contains more nutrients and hold more moisture

  3. CLAY

    • considred most difficult soil to work with

  4. LOAM

    • considered perfect soil. combination of sand, silt, clay

  • Basi Wine (Sugarcane Wine)

    • Basi is the local beverage of Ilocos in northern Luzon in San Ildefonso

    • In the Philippines, commercial basi is produced by first crushing sugarcane and extracting the juice. The juice is boiled in vats and then stored in earthen jars

  • Tapuey (Rice Wine)

    • It is a traditional beverage originated from Banaue and the Mountain Province,

    • used for important occasions such as weddings, rice harvesting ceremonies, fiestas and cultural fairs.

  • Aeroponics

    • practice of growing plants in an air or mist environment without the use of any substrate

  • Tuba

    • kind of palm wine

    • consumed during spiritual ceremonies and shamanic rituals long before the Philippines was colonialized by Europeans.

  • Hanging Coffins

    • the tradition of Hanging Coffins in Sagada is pre-colonial

    • moving the bodies of the dead higher up brings them closer to their ancestral spirits.

  • Irrigation

  • Fermentation

How they predict weather in pre colonial period?

  • Animal behavior, cloud formations, wind direction used for prediction

  • Indigenous peoples relied on traditional knowledge

  • Close observation of surroundings for interpreting nature's cues

  • Adaptation to unpredictable forces of nature for thriving

How they preserve Food?

  • drying,

  • smoking,

  • fermenting and

  • salting

Fermenting: beneficial bacteria produce acids, alcohol, gases to preserve food

How they use contraceptives?

  • men - intestines of animals

  • women - abstinance or use of tapons from herbs/plants

  • Homo Afarensis - small brain;

  • Homo Habilis - handy man

  • Homo Erectus - Produced Fire;

  • Homo Neanderhalanses - cave painters

  • Homo Sapiens - Modern man;

Claudius Ptolemy

  • geocentrism

  • believed that all celestial bodies moved with the earth as the center of the ciruclar motion

    Claudius Ptolemy was a proponent of geocentrism, the belief that all celestial bodies revolve around the Earth as the center of circular motion.

Nicolaus Copernicus

  • Heliocentric Model

  • not accepted by catholic belief

  • sun is the center not earth

    Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the heliocentric model, stating that the sun, not the Earth, is at the center of the solar system. This idea was not initially accepted by the Catholic Church due to conflicting beliefs.

Charles Darwin

  • english natuarlist

  • published “On the origin of SPecies“

  • believed species adapt totheri environment and would change

evolution

Charles Darwin was an English naturalist who published "On the Origin of Species." He believed that species adapt to their environment and can change over time, leading to the concept of evolution.

Sigmund Freud

  • Theory of Psychoanalysis

  • Id, (i want this)

  • Super Ego, (THis is not the way to get it)

  • Ego (Let’s work on it)

  • Id, (instincts)

  • Super Ego, (morality)

  • Ego (reality)