unit 1: contemporary psychology 🧠

psychoanalytic (psychodynamic)

-sigmund freud

-carl jung

-alfred adler

subject matter -

unconscious determinants of behavior (feelings memories, drives beyond the reach of conscious awareness)

basic premise -

unconscious motives & experience in, especially early childhood govern personality & mental disorders

behavioral

-john b watson

-edward thorndike

-b.f skinner

-ivan pavlov

subject matter -

-effects of environment on the overt behavior of humans & animals

-focuses on observable actions

-stimulus & response

basic premise -

-only observable events (stimulus-response relations) can be studied scientifically

-reinforcement, punishment, learning

humanistic

-carl rogers

-abraham maslow

subject matter-

-unique aspects of human experience

-future rather than past

basic premise -

-humans are free, rational beings w the potential for personal growth & are fundamentally diff from animals

-more positive outlook on ppl

cognitive

-jean piaget

-noam chomsky

subject matter -

-thoughts, mental processes

-decision making, problem solving, reasoning

basic premise -

-human behavior cannot be fully understood w/o examining how ppl acquire, store, & process info

biological

subject matter -

-physiological, genetic, & neural bases of behavior in humans & animals

brain structures & chemical processes

-how bio treatments may improve certain conditions

basic premise -

- an organism’s functioning can be explained in terms of brain structures & biochemical processes that underlie behavior

- how our physical body & brain creates our emotions, memories & sensory experiences

sociocultural

-lev vygotsky

subject matter -

-cultural, religious, gender, socioeconomic influences

basic premise -

- thinking & behaving are impacted by social factors & cultural heritage

- culture affects behavior

evolutionary

-charles darwin

subject matter -

- evolutionary bases of behavior in animals & humans

basic premise -

- behavior patters have evolved to solve adaptive problems; natural selection favors behaviors w reproductive success

- aspects of human thought & behavior that may give individuals or their genes a better chance of survival in the future

biopsychosocial mode

-george L. engel

subject matter -

- interaction of biology, personality, and social influences

basic premise -

- recognizing biologival/pysiological elements of a disease, perception of an illness/condition, & social environment has an influence on onset of disease & treatment outcome