bio lab

Bone Station 5: Cranium and Face

  • Identify the following on a skull:

    • Parietal bone

    • Superior temporal line

    • Coronal suture

    • Frontal bone

    • Sphenoid bone

    • Supraorbital foramen

    • Nasolacrimal groove of lacrimal bone

    • Nasal bone

    • Ethmoid bone

    • Infraorbital foramen

    • Maxillary bone

    • Zygomatic bone

    • Mandible

    • Mental foramen

    • Inferior temporal line

    • Temporal bone

    • Squamosal suture

    • Occipital bone

    • Mastoid process

    • External auditory canal

    • Zygomatic process of temporal bone

    • Temporal process of zygomatic bone

    • Mental protuberance

Bone Station 6: Frog Skeleton

  • Identify the following on a frog skeleton:

    • Premaxillary

    • Fronto-parietal

    • Urostyle

    • Sacral vertebra

    • Astragalus

    • Calcaneum

    • Pelvic bone

    • Radio-ulna

    • Tibio-fibula

    • Zygomatic arch

Bone Station 7: Pelvis

  • Be able to identify:

    • Ilium

    • Sacrum

    • Ischium

    • Pubic arch

    • Coccyx

    • Iliac crest

    • Acetabulum

    • Pubic symphysis

    • Iliac crest

    • Pubic tubercle

    • Symphysis pubis

    • Sacroiliac joint

Bone Station 4: Vertebrae

  • Identify numbers and kinds of each vertebra:

    • 7 cervical vertebrae

    • 12 thoracic vertebrae

    • 5 lumbar vertebrae

    • 5 sacral vertebrae (fused)

    • 3-5 coccygeal vertebrae (fused)

Thoracic Vertebrae Identification

  • Features to identify:

    • Body

    • Transverse process

    • Spinous process

    • Superior articular process

    • Vertebral foramen

    • Inferior articular process

Stomach Structure

  • Layers of Smooth Muscle in the Stomach:

    • Longitudinal muscle layer

    • Circular muscle layer

    • Oblique muscle layer

  • Anatomy of Stomach:

    • Fundus

    • Cardia

    • Pyloric region

    • Rugae

    • Pyloric sphincter

    • Antrum

    • Body

Frog Skeleton Overview

  • Identify major bone structures:

    • Phalanges

    • Metacarpals

    • Carpals

    • Scapula

    • Urostyle

    • Pelvic bone

Overall Size of Skeletons

  • Total bones in human body: 206

    • Axial Skeleton: 80

    • Appendicular Skeleton: 126

Types of Muscle Tissue

  • Skeletal muscle:

    • Under conscious control, striated, multinucleated.

  • Smooth muscle:

    • In walls of internal organs, not under conscious control, single-nucleated, lacks striations.

  • Cardiac muscle:

    • Found in the heart, striated, involuntary control.

Structure of a Long Bone

  • Components:

    • Epiphysis and Diaphysis

    • Haversian canal with blood vessels and nerves

    • Osteons and Lacunae

    • Compact bone and Spongy bone

    • Periosteum: growth layer that increases diameter of bone.