Physical Education Notes
Grading System
Quizzes, Assignments and Others — 0.10 of final grade (i.e., 10\%)
Attitude and Attendance — 0.10 (10\%)
Project/Activity — 0.20 (20\%)
Q&A — 0.20 (20\%)
Quarter Examination — 0.40 (40\%)
Prelim — Written Examination
Midterm — Written Examination
Semi-Finals — Written Examination (COMPREHENSIVE)
Finals — Actual Examination
Introduction to Physical Education
Physical Education (PE) is a course taught in schools that focuses on developing physical fitness.
Effective PE classes help kids develop skill and confidence, maintain physical fitness, learn about personal health and wellness, and demonstrate positive social skills.
History of Physical Education
Began around the 1820s with a focus on gymnastics, hygiene training, and care/development of the human body.
By 1950, over 400 institutes had introduced majors in physical education.
The Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) launched its first chapter in 1851, focusing on physical activities.
Colleges were encouraged to focus on intramural sports (track, field, football).
PE became a formal requirement after the Civil War as states passed laws requiring substantial PE in curricula.
Not until 1970 did an amendment to the Federal Education Act allow women from high school and college to compete in athletic competitions; sex-based discrimination was outlawed from government-funded programs.
Legal Basis of Teaching Physical Education in the Philippines
Early development: Physical exercise was one of the subjects in public schools; regular program of athletics was developed.
PE was made a curricular subject in the secondary school curriculum.
MAPE (Music, Arts, Physical Education) learning area was introduced.
Key years/events:
1901
1920
1937
1969: PE made a required subject in the curriculum of all public schools; The School of Physical Education and Sports Development Act (1969) introduced a program of activities including:
1) health education and nutrition,
2) physical fitness for all pupils,
3) competitive athletics,
4) intramurals and inter-unit athletic competition within schools, districts, and provinces,
5) annual athletic competitions within and among regions.1982
Legal Basis of Teaching Physical Education in the Philippines (Constitutional Framework)
Article XIV Section 19(1) & (2) of the 1987 Constitution mandates that the state shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, league competitions, and amateur sports, including training for international competitions, to foster self-discipline, teamwork, and excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry.
All educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country in cooperation with athletic clubs and other sectors.
Physical Education in College
PE services refer to four subjects given to freshmen and sophomores in the first four semesters, per DECS Order No. 58, series of 1990:
Physical Education 1: Physical Fitness and Self-Testing Activities
Physical Education 2: Rhythmic Activities
Physical Education 3: Individual and Dual Sports
Physical Education 4: Team Sports
Values of Physical Education
The values of PE activities are reflected in the development and adjustment of the individual.
Regular exercise and physical activity are extremely important and beneficial for long-term health and well-being.
Essential Components of Student Physical Education
Assessment
Policy and Environment
Physical Education Curriculum
Appropriate Instruction
General Objectives of Physical Education
Physical Development: An energetic participant develops and maintains good health and a high level of physical fitness; attainment of physical skills motivates further participation and promotes growth.
Emotional Development: PE activities offer opportunities for self-expression and emotional mastery.
Worthwhile emotional traits include: 1) self-confidence 2) self-control 3) self-reliance 4) courage 5) determination
Mental Development: Develop mental capacities through understanding mechanical principles of movements, rules and strategies of games/sports, and ways to improve movement in gymnastics/dance; enhances critical thinking about rules, regulations, and strategies.
Social Development: Develop enviable social traits for general social life; traits include: 1) Friendliness 2) Cooperation 3) Respect for the rights of others 4) Good sportsmanship 5) Good leadership and followership 6) Honesty in group competition
Fitness Concepts and Assessments
What is Physical Activity?
Defined as any movement carried out by skeletal muscle that requires energy and focuses on building health.
Activities you’ve done since waking up; anything that requires energy, even minimal effort, is considered physical activity but not necessarily sufficient to develop health.
What is Physical Exercise?
A physical activity that is planned, structured and has repetitive movements intended to improve fitness.
Significantly improves general health, heart health, muscle size, and flexibility.
Physical Fitness
A prerequisite for performing daily tasks.
The ability to meet ordinary and unusual demands safely and effectively without excessive fatigue, leaving energy for leisure.
Achieved through proper nutrition, moderate to vigorous exercise, and sufficient rest.
Fitness (alternate definition): A condition in which an individual has enough energy to avoid fatigue and enjoy life.
Health-Related Fitness vs. Skill-Related Fitness
Health-Related Fitness: Focused on promoting optimum health and preventing disease; has five main components.
Skill-Related Fitness (also called performance fitness): Ability to perform during games and sports; six components.
Question often posed: What are the components of physical fitness?
Health-Related Fitness Components
Body Composition: Fat and non-fat components of the body; important for assessing recommended body weight; BMI is used for assessment.
Cardiorespiratory Endurance (Aerobic Fitness): Ability of lungs, heart, and blood vessels to deliver adequate oxygen to cells during prolonged activity; Examples: running, swimming, skating, biking; brisk walking and climbing stairs also build endurance.
Flexibility: Ability of joints to move through an unrestricted range of motion; involves musculature; testing example: sit-and-reach test; actions include stretches and functional movements like lunges.
Muscular Endurance: Ability of a muscle group to exert force repeatedly over time; example: Plank exercise to develop abdominal and core endurance.
Muscular Strength: Ability of a muscle to exert maximum force against resistance; measured by how much force can be exerted and how much weight can be lifted briefly; examples of exercises: Weightlifting, Bodyweight exercises, Resistance bands; common test: push-up test.
Skill-Related Fitness Components
Agility: Ability to move quickly and change direction efficiently.
Examples: basketball movement; drills include ladder drills and cone drills.
Balance: State of equilibrium; ability to maintain upright posture while stationary or moving.
Tests/exercises: Stork balance test; standing on one foot; standing yoga poses; balance discs for squats, lunges, push-ups.
Coordination: Ability to integrate senses with muscles to produce accurate, smooth movements; characterized by speed, distance, direction, timing, and muscular tension.
Activities: Playing catch; jumping rope; juggling; dribbling a ball; throwing objects at targets.
Power: Explosive movement; related to speed of contraction; when combined with strength, produces explosive movements.
Exercises: Squat Jumps; Medicine Ball Slams; Explosive Push-Ups.
Reaction Time: How quickly you respond to an external stimulus; depends on mind-body connection.
Examples: Fielding a ball (softball/baseball); defending a goal in soccer/hockey/lacrosse; tools: lopsided reaction balls.
Speed: Distance traveled per unit time; direction not specified.
Examples: Hill Sprints; Interval Runs.