test 2

vascular tissues : fluid tissues of your body; make up 10 % of your total body weight

two types of of fluid tissue

• lymph: runs through lymphatic system

  • helps get rid of excess fluid in body

• blood

  • corpuscles (cells): red blood cells; heaviest component

  • platelets: blood clotting

  • blood plasma: lightest component

    • given to patients with low blood pressure

Lymphatic system

• made up of lymph nodes, lymph vessels, spleen, thymus, and scatter lymphoid tissues in the intestinal tract (also the tonsils)

• chemotherapy targets cancer cells in the lymphatic system

• function: carry tissue fluid from the tissues to the veins

  • removes protein from tissue fluid

  • helps absorption of digested foods especially fats

lymph nodes

• neck and under armpits

  • make breast cancer dangerous because the cancerous cells can spread to the lymph nodes then circulate throughout the body. this is called metastasis

all areas that cancer cells can metastasize and travel to: liver, brain, stomach, kidneys, etc

Spleen

• located on the lower left side of your body

• blood forming organ early in life

• later in life it becomes a stoarge organ for corpuscles and platelts

• helps filter your blood supply

• effete erythrocytes (dead red blood cells) are stored and filtered in the spleen

• red blood cells are replaced by body every 4 months

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: progressive neurological deadly disease; eats away at the myelin which assist the nerve in transmitting electric signals

Organs

Vestigial is the term we use to describe organs we no longer use

• appendix, spleen, tonsils, adenoids, wisdom teeth

organ: somewhat independent part of the body that performs a special function

• brain, kidney, heart, lungs, stomach, liver

system: two or more organs combine in such manner as to exhibit functional unity (11 systems)

• skeletal, articular, muscular, digestive, vascular, nervous, respiratory, urinary, reproductive, endocrine, integumentary

  • skeletal: bones and related cartilages

  • articular: join; consist of joints and ligaments

  • muscular: consist of muscles

  • digestive: digestive tract and digestive glands

    • digestive tract: esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and intestine

    • digestive glands: help secrete hydrocaloric acid in the stomach during digestion

  • vascular: heart, lymph vessels, and lymphatic system

  • nervous system: brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, nuclei, and sense organs

    • ganglia: bundles of nerve cells

  • respiratory: consist of air passageway and lungs

  • urinary: kidneys and the urinary passages

  • reproductive: system associated wit reproduction

  • some textbooks combine urinary and reproductive and call it urogenital system

  • integumentary: hair, skin, nails

  • endocrine: ductless glands such as thyroid, pituitary gland and adrenal gland

    • pituitary gland produces growth hormones

    • adrenal glands sits on top of kidneys and during periods of stress when you have fight or flight these glands produce adrenaline    

Speech Production

• the speech mechanism is either directly, or indirectly, dependent on all of the other systems of the body

• speech is an afterthought when compared to the importance of the “vegetative function” performed by body parts seen in the overhead. they are most important for respiration and the ingestion of certain foods

How long can the brain and neurons go without oxygen? 4 minutes

how long can the human body survive without water or any type of liquid? 3-5 days

how long can we survive without food? 35 days

Velum

• helps propel food in downward direction toward the stomach during swallowing

• moves up and down during speech

• does not elevate for nasal sounds

pharynx

• muscular hollow tube found behind oral cavity

• used to squeeze food and liquid towards esophagus

epiglottis

• some physicians say it is a vestigial structure

• it sits behind the tongue

• when you swallow food and liquid, it drops down