Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders

Psychological Disorders

  • Definition of Abnormality: Abnormal behavior is defined as behavior that:

    • Causes distress.

    • Hinders daily functioning.

  • Perspectives on Abnormality: 6 main perspectives:

    1. Medical Perspective

    2. Psychoanalytic Perspective

    3. Behavioral Perspective

    4. Cognitive Perspective

    5. Humanistic Perspective

    6. Sociocultural Perspective

  • Critiques of Definitions:

    • No single definition encompasses all abnormal behavior.

    • Definitions may not account for individual life experiences and contexts.

Classification of Abnormal Behavior

  • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5):

    • Primary system for classifying psychological disorders.

    • Provides definitions for over 200 disorders.

    • Atheoretical approach: Descriptive, does not imply causal explanations.

  • Importance of DSM-5:

    • Facilitates research into causes of disorders.

    • Provides common language for mental health professionals.

Shortcomings and Stigma of DSM-5

  • Rosenhan Study Findings:

    • Highlighted failures in accurately diagnosing true mental health status.

    • Subjects admitted on false claims yet labeled with disorders.

  • Stigma of Labeling:

    • Labels create long-lasting stigma, influencing treatment and perception.

    • Can lead to uncompromising diagnostic categories.

    • Potential for overlooking clients' complexities and individual variations.