1.6 | Astrolabe | used to determine location at sea based on the altitude of the sun or a star above the horizon |
1.6 | Cartography | the making and studying of maps |
1.6 | Colbert, Jean Baptiste | 1619-1683 French politician who was finance minister under Louis XIV; reformed French tax system to strengthen government |
1.6 | Colony | separate land controlled by a parent country, usually used for enriching the parent country by providing raw materials for production |
1.6 | compass | Chinese instrument to aid in directional location by indicating which way is north |
1.6 | exports | goods sold to other nations |
1.6 | favorable balance of trade | exporting more than is imported |
1.6 | Imports | goods bought from other countries |
1.6 | Jesuits | Catholic religious group working as missionaries around the world. Focused on education, expanding human knowledge. converting non Catholics (indigenous people) to Catholicism |
1.6 | lateen sails | triangular sails developed by Arab sailors. allowed more flexibility for sailing regardless of wind direction |
1.6 | Marco Polo | Venetian merchant who published an account of his travels across Asia in the 13th century |
1.6 | Mercantilism | measurement of wealth by the accumulation of gold and silver by a nation |
1.6 | Navigation | the science of plotting the course of a ship |
1.6 | Ottoman Empire | Had control of trade routes connecting Asia and Europe |
1.6 | portolani | detailed charts that gave ships captains accurate information about location and distance between European ports |
1.6 | Quadrant | used to determine location on the sea based on the altitude of the sun or a star above the horizon (smaller version of astrolabe) |
1.6 | sternpost rudder | steering device attached to the ship's main beam at the rear to make a ship more maneuverable |
1.7 | alcabala | a tax on the sale or exchange of property |
1.7 | asiento | contract between the government of Spain and either another country, private company or individual to supply Spain with enslaved Africans to work in the Americas and Spain would pay for the service |
1.7 | Aztec Empire | Ruled most of what is now Veracruz on Gulf of Mexico - conquered and destroyed by Spanish conquistador Cortes |
1.7 | Cabot, John | 1497 Venetian explorer working for England who reached eastern shore of Canada gave England foothold in North America |
1.7 | Cartier, Jacques | 1534-36 first European to explore St. Lawrence River in Canada |
1.7 | Columbus, Christopher | 1451-1506 Italian explorer who sailed west across the Atlantic seeking a route to Asia. Explored the Bahamas and Cuba believing he had landed on islands near India |
1.7 | conquistadors | 16th century Spanish "conquerors" who began subduing indigenous populations in the Americas |
1.7 | coreregidores | magistrates who worked to strengthen royal authority and would carry out justice in the name of the monarch |
1.7 | Cortes, Hernan | 1485-1547 Spaniard who conquered and destroyed the Aztec Empire |
1.7 | de Balboa, Vasco Nuñez | Spanish explorer who crossed the Isthmus of Panama in 1513 - first European to see Pacific from Eastern shore |
1.7 | de Champlain, Samuel | 1608 founds successful Quebec as a fur trading post in eastern Canada |
1.7 | de las Casas, Bartolome | Spanish Dominican priest who protested against the forced labor of the encomienda system |
1.7 | de Verrazano, Giovanni | 1524 Italian navigator who sailed on behalf of France. explored the Atlantic coast from North Carolina to Newfoundland |
1.7 | encomienda | large landowners, "encomenderos", in the New World, forced indigenous people to work on plantations for food and shelter |
1.7 | Inca Empire | Major indigenous empire of South America conquered by Francisco Pizarro |
1.7 | Indians | Name given to indigenous people of the Caribbean by Columbus who believe he was on islands off the coast of India |
1.7 | Jamestown | 1607 first colony established by the English in Virginia |
1.7 | Magellan, Ferdinand | 1480-1520 set out in 1519 to explore the eastern coast of South America and the Pacific Ocean. First venture to circumnavigate the globe |
1.7 | New Amsterdam | colony established in 1624, stretched from mouth of Hudson River to to Albany, New York |
1.7 | New France | Area of Canada first claimed by Samuel de Champlain for the nation of France |
1.7 | New Spain | Centered around Mexican conquest of Aztec Empire and Tenochtitlan - Mexico, Central America and Caribbean |
1.7 | New World | Lands of South America first explored by Amerigo Vespucci |
1.7 | Pizarro, Francisco | 1475-1541 Spanish conquistador who arrived in South America and found Incan Empire in a weakened state. Pizarro took advantage and conquered |
1.7 | Reconquista | the final conquering of Muslims at Granada in 1492 leading to the expulsion of all Jews and Muslims from Spain |
1.7 | Seven Years War | 1756-1763 war between Great Britain and France resulting in France giving up territory in New World |
1.7 | Spice Islands | the islands east of present day Indonesia and south of the Philippines . Rich soil ideal for growing sought after spices such as nutmeg and cinnamon |
1.7 | Treaty of Tordesillas | Agreement negotiated by the pope in 1494 to settle land disputes between Portugal and Spain in land that was being explored |
1.7 | Vespucci, Amerigo | Italian explorer who traveled along the eastern coast of South America between 1499 and 1504. First to call it New World - cartographer names new lands after him |
1.7 | War of the Spanish Succession | when the Spanish king dies childless 1701-1714 rival claimants fight for the throne. Fighting spills over to American colonies - England gains control in North America - France and Spain weakened |
1.7 | West Indies | Islands of the Caribbean where Columbus landed believing he was off the coast of India |
Note
Studied by 26 people