Anatomy II: Chapter 21 pt 2

1. Which of the following is a characteristic of the adaptive immune system?
a) It provides immediate response to pathogens
b) It has memory and can recognize specific antigens
c) It only responds to bacterial infections
d) It does not require prior exposure to pathogens

2. What are the two “arms” of the adaptive immune system?
a) Innate and Adaptive immunity
b) Humoral and Cell-mediated immunity
c) Passive and Active immunity
d) Primary and Secondary immunity

3. Which cells are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity?
a) T cells
b) B cells
c) Macrophages
d) Dendritic cells

4. Which type of antigen is a small molecule that only triggers an immune response when attached to a larger carrier?
a) Complete antigen
b) Epitope
c) Hapten
d) MHC molecule

5. Where do T lymphocytes mature?
a) Bone marrow
b) Thymus
c) Lymph nodes
d) Spleen

6. Which type of antigen-presenting cell is primarily found in lymphoid organs and presents antigens to T cells?
a) Neutrophils
b) Basophils
c) Dendritic cells
d) Eosinophils

7. What is the role of plasma cells?
a) Produce antibodies
b) Attack pathogens directly
c) Present antigens
d) Activate macrophages

8. What is the first antibody produced in a primary immune response?
a) IgA
b) IgG
c) IgM
d) IgE

9. What is the function of memory B cells?
a) Activate macrophages
b) Provide long-term immunity
c) Directly kill pathogens
d) Secrete histamine

10. What is clonal selection?
a) Activation of macrophages
b) Proliferation of specific lymphocytes after antigen exposure
c) Differentiation of neutrophils
d) Release of cytokines

11. What class of antibodies is involved in allergic reactions?
a) IgA
b) IgD
c) IgE
d) IgM

12. Which cells are primarily responsible for cell-mediated immunity?
a) B cells
b) T cells
c) Macrophages
d) Neutrophils

13. What is the primary role of helper T cells?
a) Directly kill infected cells
b) Help activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells
c) Release histamine
d) Produce antibodies

14. What is an antigen-presenting cell (APC)?
a) A type of T cell
b) A cell that engulfs and presents antigens to T cells
c) A type of antibody
d) A cell that directly kills pathogens

15. What is the function of cytokines in the immune system?
a) Kill bacteria directly
b) Serve as chemical messengers between immune cells
c) Act as a physical barrier against infection
d) Produce antibodies

16-50. (Continuing with additional questions covering immune response mechanisms, antigen processing, immune regulation, hypersensitivity reactions, autoimmune diseases, and vaccination principles.)

16. What is the function of regulatory T cells?
a) Suppress immune responses to prevent overactivity
b) Attack infected cells directly
c) Activate B cells
d) Present antigens to helper T cells

17. What is the function of natural killer (NK) cells?
a) They attack and destroy virus-infected cells and tumor cells
b) They produce antibodies
c) They engulf pathogens
d) They release histamines

18. Which immunoglobulin is secreted in mucosal areas like the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts?
a) IgA
b) IgG
c) IgM
d) IgE