IB German Basics
A set of notes I could only wish to have in high school lol
(mostly bc there isn’t a lot of love shown to the IB German subjects. Hopefully, it’ll cover HL and SL)
Paper 1 (Prompt and Text Type):
Tips + Tricks
Choose a prompt you understand the most thoroughly
choose a text type (of the options given to you) that goes well with your chosen prompt
(ie: is it formal or informal?)know how to use various grammar Structures
Grammar:
Verb tables:
Basic sein/haben stuff (Präsens mit “normal” verben)
Modal Verbs (want, must, may, etc.)
dürfen (may; to be allowed to), können (can; to be able to), mögen (to like), müssen
(must; to have to), sollen (should; ought to), wollen (to want)
● modal verb endings in Präsens are the same as the irregular verb endings in Tabelle #10
● most modal verbs have a stem change in Präsens: ich darf, ich kann, ich mag, ich muss,
ich soll, ich will
● modal verbs have a particular influence on sentence structure
💅 VERB KICKERS
i.e: Lena kann Fußball spielen. (or: Kann Lena Fußball spielen?)
Präteritum
Das Perfekt
(Present Perfect Tense)
● helping verb (HV) is conjugated in the Präsens; Partizip goes at the end.
● “haben” is the default helping verb. You will use this most of the time.
● “sein” is used with (active motion or moving locations):
○ sein (ist gewesen)
○ werden (ist geworden)
○ bleiben (ist geblieben)
○ situations that indicate a change in
location or in state of being
● In English, we say “I have cooked.” or “She has gone.”
● Note: German sees no difference in
meaning between Prät. and Perfekt
Plusquamperfekt
Past Perfect Tense
● Identical to the Perfekt tense, but the helping verbs are used in their Präteritum forms
● In English, we say “I had cooked.” or “She had gone.”
Futur I & II
● Helping verb: “werden” (English translation: “will” ) conjugated in Präsens
● Futur I - infinitive of AV at the end
○ Indicates that something will happen in the future
○ “Ich werde kochen.” (“I will cook.”)
○ “Sie wird gehen.” (“She will go.”)
● Futur II - last two words are Partizip of AV, then Infinitiv of HV haben/sein
○ Indicates that something will have happened by a certain point in the future
○ “Ich werde gekocht haben.” (“I will have cooked.”)
○ “Sie wird gegangen sein.” (“She will have gone.” )
“werden” in the Präsens
Imperitive
the command form
Konjunktiv II
The “Passiv” voice. AKA the German equivalent of the passive voice in English 😄
Objects and Nouns:
2 Nouns:
● dative (indirect object), then accusative (direct object)
i.e: Lena gibt dem Mann den Ball. (Lena gives the man the ball)
1 Noun, 1 Pronoun:
● pronoun automatically comes first
● Lena gibt ihm den Ball. (... the ball to him.) vs. Lena gibt ihn dem Mann. (... it to the man.)
2 Pronouns:
● accusative (D.O.), then dative (I.O.)
● Lena gibt ihn ihm. (Lena gives it to him.)
Pronouns:
Subject Nouns:
Reflexive Pronouns
(German equivalents to “myself”, “herself”, “ourselves”, etc, but they’re
used more commonly in German than in English. )
Examples:
● Ich dusche mich. = I shower. (literally, “I shower myself.”)
● Ich wasche mir die Hände. = I wash my hands (lit. “I wash myself
the hands.”)
Relative Pronouns
link sentences together with “who”, “that”, or “which” (e.g. The teacher who comes from Germany is called Herr Schäfer.)
Gender determined by precedeing noun (“antecedent”), case determined by its role in the rel. clause.
Der Lehrer, der aus Deutschland kommt, heißt Herr Schäfer.Der Lehrer, den ich mag, heißt Herr Schäfer.
Der Lehrer, dem ich einen Apfel gebe, heißt Herr Schäfer.
Articles
Definite:
Additional “der-words” include:
dies-(this),
jen- (that),
jed- (each/every),
manch- (some),
welch- (which)
Examples:
Dieser Ball ist rot. Jener Ball ist
grün.
Welchen Ball hast du?
Welchem Mann gibst du den Ball?
INdefinite:
German equivalents to “myself”, “herself”, “ourselves”, etc, but they’re
used more commonly in German than in English. Examples:
● Ich dusche mich. = I shower. (literally, “I shower myself.”)
● Ich wasche mir die Hände. = I wash my hands (lit. “I wash myself
the hands.”)
Sentences:
Simple:
Standard Word Order: Lena spielt heute Fußball. - “V2” (verb second)
Inverted Word Order: Heute spielt Lena Fußball. - subject after verb
Yes/No Questions: Spielt Lena heute Fußball? - “VS” (verb, then subject)
“W-” Questions: Wann spielt Lena heute Fußball? - “WVS” (“q”- word, V, S)
Complex:
Negation:
nicht
● to negate the main action: at the end
○ Lena kommt heute nicht.
○ Lena gibt dem Mann den Ball nicht.
● to negate main action when the action has two key elements to it: before last element
○ Lena kann nicht kommen. (before Infinitiv)
○ Lena kommt nicht mit. (before sep. prefix)
○ Lena ist nicht gekommen. (before Partizip)
○ Opa fährt nicht Auto. (before complement)
■ “Auto fahren” is the idea - fahren is the conjugated AV, Auto is the “verb complement” at end, with nicht before it
● to negate specific word/phrase: in front of it
○ Lena spielt heute nicht Fußball, sondern Tennis. (not soccer, but rather tennis)
○ Lena spielt nicht heute Fußball, sondern morgen. (not today, but rather tomorrow) kein
● used to negate nouns specifically
● Note: the ending changes like in Tabelle #5!
● WRONG: Ich habe nicht einen Bruder.
● WRONG: Ich habe kein Bruder.
● RIGHT: Ich habe keinen Bruder.
Prepositions:
Prepositions and Case Used:
Phrases:
(WORD ORDER): TeKaMoLo
Adverbs and prepositional phrases describing time come before cause
come before manner come before location.
● Lena spielt immer montags bei gutem Wetter gern im Park Fußball.
○ temporal: When? (general to specific) - always on Mondays
○ kausal: Why? Under what circumstances? - when the weather’s good
○ modal: How? In what manner? - gladly
○ lokal: Where? - in the park
Note: Any of these elements can be brought to the front for emphasis (see
Inverted Word Order in Tabelle #17). If bringing more than one, they still
follow the order TeKaMoLo.
● Bei gutem Wetter spielt Lena immer montags gern im Park Fußball.
● Fußball spielt Lena immer montags bei gutem Wetter gern im Park.
● Immer gern im Park spielt Lena montags bei gutem Wetter Fußball.
Relative Clauses:
● Relative clauses are a type of dependent clause, which means the conjugated verb gets kicked to the end
● Examples:
○ Die Frau, die Fußball spielt, heißt Lena.
○ Tennis ist ein Sport, den Lena nicht mag.
Adjective Endings
After der words
Das nette Kind gibt der alten Frau die schöne Blume.
(“The nice child gives the old woman the pretty flower.”)
After ein words
Ein nettes Kind kauft seinem älteren Bruder einen blauen Ball.
(“A nice child buys his older brother a blue ball.”
Unpreceded:
Gute Jäger mögen den Geschmack starken Kaffees.
(“Good hunters like the taste of strong coffee.”)
Text Type Characteristics
(Informal) Blog
Tagebucheintrag (Personal Diary)
VERY informal
opener: Liebe, Tagebuch
first person, follows personal thoughts and events
generally has a logical structure (chronological order of events, usually) but doesn’t have to if that’s how the “writer’s” brain works
Personal Blog
components:
Blog post title (and possibly the blog’s title itself)
Date and time of post (in this format: von (PLACE) YEAR-DAY-MONTH- MILILTARY TIME version of the time of post)
first person
generally informal, but still more formal than a diary entry
generally includes comment section (at least 2-3 comments, all with usernames and the date/time comments were posted in the same format as previously used)
Photos or Emojis are generally used (but still totally optional)
conjunctions (i.e: denn, wenn, obwohl) and adverbs (ie: deswegen. trotzdem, etc.)
(informal) Email
Pretty much same as an informal letter format but with email username and subject line present (i.e: start with the opener like Liebe, [NAME] etc.)
(Informal) Letter
Format
Date of letter sent in the top right corner
Opener:
Liebe, [NAME] or Hallo, [NAME]uses informal and first-person language (but still more formal than diary entry)
etc.
Formelle Email
Like formal letter, but with (professional) emai addresses. time stamps, and a subject line present
Aufsatz (Essay)
format:
formal
can be informational or persuasive
generally has a logical structure (intro, body, conclusion with transitions)
(Formal) Letter
format:
Sehr geehrte, [NAME] (opener)
Date in right corner
formal language (3rd person pronouns and Sie)
typically used w/ authority figures, people you don’t know well, or in a buisness setting
Bericht (report)
Format
date of report filing, incident, and those involved listed (under each section)
formal and utilitarian
3rd person only
typically used for police reports
Professional How-To (Anweisung)
format:
2nd person (Sie formal or du, depending on where it’s from but usually Sie because of the formality)
introductory paragraph explaining the purpose and what one is expected to accomplish/make from it
bullet points/numbered steps
conclusion
Zeitungsartikel (Article for Media)
format
formal, professional language (sometimes w/ floursih)
3rd person (no opinions because it is meant to be informative)
etc.
Professional Blog
Format:
similar to a personal blog but formal and uses 3rd person (generally advertising, review, or informational types of things)
Faltblatt/Broschure
format:
Title of thing advertised
uses photos in some places
tends to be formal but sometimes uses bullets in certain places (ie: price listings)
Poster
similar to Broschure format but mostly visual components
Interview
format:
should be formatted kind of like a script
Title and introductory context (context should be using professional language)
speaker tags before each speaker
ie:
Martha: Ich liebe deine Hemd!
Authorin: Oh. Danke.
Zeitungsbericht (Media report)
Similar to a police report but specifically geared towards the media (sometimes the media likes to sensationalize things. Everywhere.)
formal/professional language should be used
3rd person only (unless specific accounts are quoted)
Column Article
format
basically the same as Zeigsartikel but shorter (newspaper style)
Letter to the Editor (Leserbrief an eine Zeitung)
format:
similar to a formal letter but generally covers more opinion-based topics so the use of first person is acceptable.
Rezension (Film/Book/etc. Review)
format:
At the top: movie title,
Under title: year it released, and basic cast/crew components (i.e: leads, directors/producers, etc.)should be somewhat formal, but “I” is okay in the opinion parts
write an eye-catching hook, then give context for the film and actors
summarize the plot (preferably spoiler-free if possible)
then your opinions on things like characters and dynamics, plot-related things (ie: was there a gaping plot hole that grinded your gears?)
Conclusion that ties everything in a neat bow (…or as neat as possible)
Referat/Rede/Vortrag
Reading Comprehension (Paper 2)
Tips/Tricks:
skim the questions first to determine what you’re looking for
highlight any keywords needed for questions (IF THAT HELPS YOU)
QUOTE THE TEXT IN THE WRITTEN RESPONSES/JUSTIFICATIONS (trust me, you’re life will be so much easier)
Study vocab regularly leading up to the exams (ATTACHED VOCAB CARDS)
Jump around questions if you need to
If practice exams are available (or you can see past student sample answers) USE THEM. Practice the reading/listening as much as you can (or if you can, since they don’t always release the audio tracks 😕 )
(mostly bc there isn’t a lot of love shown to the IB German subjects. Hopefully, it’ll cover HL and SL)
Paper 1 (Prompt and Text Type):
Tips + Tricks
Choose a prompt you understand the most thoroughly
choose a text type (of the options given to you) that goes well with your chosen prompt
(ie: is it formal or informal?)know how to use various grammar Structures
Grammar:
Verb tables:
Basic sein/haben stuff (Präsens mit “normal” verben)
Modal Verbs (want, must, may, etc.)
dürfen (may; to be allowed to), können (can; to be able to), mögen (to like), müssen
(must; to have to), sollen (should; ought to), wollen (to want)
● modal verb endings in Präsens are the same as the irregular verb endings in Tabelle #10
● most modal verbs have a stem change in Präsens: ich darf, ich kann, ich mag, ich muss,
ich soll, ich will
● modal verbs have a particular influence on sentence structure
💅 VERB KICKERS
i.e: Lena kann Fußball spielen. (or: Kann Lena Fußball spielen?)
Präteritum
Das Perfekt
(Present Perfect Tense)
● helping verb (HV) is conjugated in the Präsens; Partizip goes at the end.
● “haben” is the default helping verb. You will use this most of the time.
● “sein” is used with (active motion or moving locations):
○ sein (ist gewesen)
○ werden (ist geworden)
○ bleiben (ist geblieben)
○ situations that indicate a change in
location or in state of being
● In English, we say “I have cooked.” or “She has gone.”
● Note: German sees no difference in
meaning between Prät. and Perfekt
Plusquamperfekt
Past Perfect Tense
● Identical to the Perfekt tense, but the helping verbs are used in their Präteritum forms
● In English, we say “I had cooked.” or “She had gone.”
Futur I & II
● Helping verb: “werden” (English translation: “will” ) conjugated in Präsens
● Futur I - infinitive of AV at the end
○ Indicates that something will happen in the future
○ “Ich werde kochen.” (“I will cook.”)
○ “Sie wird gehen.” (“She will go.”)
● Futur II - last two words are Partizip of AV, then Infinitiv of HV haben/sein
○ Indicates that something will have happened by a certain point in the future
○ “Ich werde gekocht haben.” (“I will have cooked.”)
○ “Sie wird gegangen sein.” (“She will have gone.” )
“werden” in the Präsens
Imperitive
the command form
Konjunktiv II
The “Passiv” voice. AKA the German equivalent of the passive voice in English 😄
Objects and Nouns:
2 Nouns:
● dative (indirect object), then accusative (direct object)
i.e: Lena gibt dem Mann den Ball. (Lena gives the man the ball)
1 Noun, 1 Pronoun:
● pronoun automatically comes first
● Lena gibt ihm den Ball. (... the ball to him.) vs. Lena gibt ihn dem Mann. (... it to the man.)
2 Pronouns:
● accusative (D.O.), then dative (I.O.)
● Lena gibt ihn ihm. (Lena gives it to him.)
Pronouns:
Subject Nouns:
Reflexive Pronouns
(German equivalents to “myself”, “herself”, “ourselves”, etc, but they’re
used more commonly in German than in English. )
Examples:
● Ich dusche mich. = I shower. (literally, “I shower myself.”)
● Ich wasche mir die Hände. = I wash my hands (lit. “I wash myself
the hands.”)
Relative Pronouns
link sentences together with “who”, “that”, or “which” (e.g. The teacher who comes from Germany is called Herr Schäfer.)
Gender determined by precedeing noun (“antecedent”), case determined by its role in the rel. clause.
Der Lehrer, der aus Deutschland kommt, heißt Herr Schäfer.Der Lehrer, den ich mag, heißt Herr Schäfer.
Der Lehrer, dem ich einen Apfel gebe, heißt Herr Schäfer.
Articles
Definite:
Additional “der-words” include:
dies-(this),
jen- (that),
jed- (each/every),
manch- (some),
welch- (which)
Examples:
Dieser Ball ist rot. Jener Ball ist
grün.
Welchen Ball hast du?
Welchem Mann gibst du den Ball?
INdefinite:
German equivalents to “myself”, “herself”, “ourselves”, etc, but they’re
used more commonly in German than in English. Examples:
● Ich dusche mich. = I shower. (literally, “I shower myself.”)
● Ich wasche mir die Hände. = I wash my hands (lit. “I wash myself
the hands.”)
Sentences:
Simple:
Standard Word Order: Lena spielt heute Fußball. - “V2” (verb second)
Inverted Word Order: Heute spielt Lena Fußball. - subject after verb
Yes/No Questions: Spielt Lena heute Fußball? - “VS” (verb, then subject)
“W-” Questions: Wann spielt Lena heute Fußball? - “WVS” (“q”- word, V, S)
Complex:
Negation:
nicht
● to negate the main action: at the end
○ Lena kommt heute nicht.
○ Lena gibt dem Mann den Ball nicht.
● to negate main action when the action has two key elements to it: before last element
○ Lena kann nicht kommen. (before Infinitiv)
○ Lena kommt nicht mit. (before sep. prefix)
○ Lena ist nicht gekommen. (before Partizip)
○ Opa fährt nicht Auto. (before complement)
■ “Auto fahren” is the idea - fahren is the conjugated AV, Auto is the “verb complement” at end, with nicht before it
● to negate specific word/phrase: in front of it
○ Lena spielt heute nicht Fußball, sondern Tennis. (not soccer, but rather tennis)
○ Lena spielt nicht heute Fußball, sondern morgen. (not today, but rather tomorrow) kein
● used to negate nouns specifically
● Note: the ending changes like in Tabelle #5!
● WRONG: Ich habe nicht einen Bruder.
● WRONG: Ich habe kein Bruder.
● RIGHT: Ich habe keinen Bruder.
Prepositions:
Prepositions and Case Used:
Phrases:
(WORD ORDER): TeKaMoLo
Adverbs and prepositional phrases describing time come before cause
come before manner come before location.
● Lena spielt immer montags bei gutem Wetter gern im Park Fußball.
○ temporal: When? (general to specific) - always on Mondays
○ kausal: Why? Under what circumstances? - when the weather’s good
○ modal: How? In what manner? - gladly
○ lokal: Where? - in the park
Note: Any of these elements can be brought to the front for emphasis (see
Inverted Word Order in Tabelle #17). If bringing more than one, they still
follow the order TeKaMoLo.
● Bei gutem Wetter spielt Lena immer montags gern im Park Fußball.
● Fußball spielt Lena immer montags bei gutem Wetter gern im Park.
● Immer gern im Park spielt Lena montags bei gutem Wetter Fußball.
Relative Clauses:
● Relative clauses are a type of dependent clause, which means the conjugated verb gets kicked to the end
● Examples:
○ Die Frau, die Fußball spielt, heißt Lena.
○ Tennis ist ein Sport, den Lena nicht mag.
Adjective Endings
After der words
Das nette Kind gibt der alten Frau die schöne Blume.
(“The nice child gives the old woman the pretty flower.”)
After ein words
Ein nettes Kind kauft seinem älteren Bruder einen blauen Ball.
(“A nice child buys his older brother a blue ball.”
Unpreceded:
Gute Jäger mögen den Geschmack starken Kaffees.
(“Good hunters like the taste of strong coffee.”)
Text Type Characteristics
(Informal) Blog
Tagebucheintrag (Personal Diary)
VERY informal
opener: Liebe, Tagebuch
first person, follows personal thoughts and events
generally has a logical structure (chronological order of events, usually) but doesn’t have to if that’s how the “writer’s” brain works
Personal Blog
components:
Blog post title (and possibly the blog’s title itself)
Date and time of post (in this format: von (PLACE) YEAR-DAY-MONTH- MILILTARY TIME version of the time of post)
first person
generally informal, but still more formal than a diary entry
generally includes comment section (at least 2-3 comments, all with usernames and the date/time comments were posted in the same format as previously used)
Photos or Emojis are generally used (but still totally optional)
conjunctions (i.e: denn, wenn, obwohl) and adverbs (ie: deswegen. trotzdem, etc.)
(informal) Email
Pretty much same as an informal letter format but with email username and subject line present (i.e: start with the opener like Liebe, [NAME] etc.)
(Informal) Letter
Format
Date of letter sent in the top right corner
Opener:
Liebe, [NAME] or Hallo, [NAME]uses informal and first-person language (but still more formal than diary entry)
etc.
Formelle Email
Like formal letter, but with (professional) emai addresses. time stamps, and a subject line present
Aufsatz (Essay)
format:
formal
can be informational or persuasive
generally has a logical structure (intro, body, conclusion with transitions)
(Formal) Letter
format:
Sehr geehrte, [NAME] (opener)
Date in right corner
formal language (3rd person pronouns and Sie)
typically used w/ authority figures, people you don’t know well, or in a buisness setting
Bericht (report)
Format
date of report filing, incident, and those involved listed (under each section)
formal and utilitarian
3rd person only
typically used for police reports
Professional How-To (Anweisung)
format:
2nd person (Sie formal or du, depending on where it’s from but usually Sie because of the formality)
introductory paragraph explaining the purpose and what one is expected to accomplish/make from it
bullet points/numbered steps
conclusion
Zeitungsartikel (Article for Media)
format
formal, professional language (sometimes w/ floursih)
3rd person (no opinions because it is meant to be informative)
etc.
Professional Blog
Format:
similar to a personal blog but formal and uses 3rd person (generally advertising, review, or informational types of things)
Faltblatt/Broschure
format:
Title of thing advertised
uses photos in some places
tends to be formal but sometimes uses bullets in certain places (ie: price listings)
Poster
similar to Broschure format but mostly visual components
Interview
format:
should be formatted kind of like a script
Title and introductory context (context should be using professional language)
speaker tags before each speaker
ie:
Martha: Ich liebe deine Hemd!
Authorin: Oh. Danke.
Zeitungsbericht (Media report)
Similar to a police report but specifically geared towards the media (sometimes the media likes to sensationalize things. Everywhere.)
formal/professional language should be used
3rd person only (unless specific accounts are quoted)
Column Article
format
basically the same as Zeigsartikel but shorter (newspaper style)
Letter to the Editor (Leserbrief an eine Zeitung)
format:
similar to a formal letter but generally covers more opinion-based topics so the use of first person is acceptable.
Rezension (Film/Book/etc. Review)
format:
At the top: movie title,
Under title: year it released, and basic cast/crew components (i.e: leads, directors/producers, etc.)should be somewhat formal, but “I” is okay in the opinion parts
write an eye-catching hook, then give context for the film and actors
summarize the plot (preferably spoiler-free if possible)
then your opinions on things like characters and dynamics, plot-related things (ie: was there a gaping plot hole that grinded your gears?)
Conclusion that ties everything in a neat bow (…or as neat as possible)
Referat/Rede/Vortrag
Reading Comprehension (Paper 2)
Tips/Tricks:
skim the questions first to determine what you’re looking for
highlight any keywords needed for questions (IF THAT HELPS YOU)
QUOTE THE TEXT IN THE WRITTEN RESPONSES/JUSTIFICATIONS (trust me, you’re life will be so much easier)
Study vocab regularly leading up to the exams (ATTACHED VOCAB CARDS)
Jump around questions if you need to
If practice exams are available (or you can see past student sample answers) USE THEM. Practice the reading/listening as much as you can (or if you can, since they don’t always release the audio tracks 😕 )
Flash cards lol
der Gast, die Gastin guest (male, female)
die Geister ghost
die Grusel horror
die Furcht, die Angst fear, anxiety
die Sterblichkeit mortality
übersinnlich supernatural
der Schabernack prank
berühmt well-known (famous)
gewaltig violent
die Eigenschaften properties (characteristics)
die Wirklichkeit reality
verlässliche reliable
der Zauber magic
vom Glauben abfallen fall away from the faith
Glaube versetzt Berge untains faith that moves mo
in guten Glauben in good faith
Klein small
Groß big, tall
Dünn thin
Schön beautiful
Hässlich ugly
Niedlich cute (like animals or babies)
Blondes, Braunes, Schwarzes Haar blond, brown, black hair
Kleidung clothes
Hemd, Hose, Rock, Kleid, shirt, pants, skirt, dress,
Modern modern
Stilvoll stylish
Tattoo tattoo
Glücklich happy
Fröhlich joyful, happiness, etc.
Zufrieden satisfied
Hell light
Dunkel dark
Hautfarbe skin color
Freundlich friendly
Wütend angry
Verrükt crazy
Frustriert frustrated
Traurig sad
Müde tired
Ernst serious
Hidschab Hijab
Schmutzig dirty
Zerstörte destroyed
Sauber clean
Elegant Elegant
der Nährboden the breeding ground
Illegale Aktivitäten illegal activities (crime)
Cybermobbing Cybermobbing
Abhängigkeit dependency
Einkaufen shopping
Bleiben (z.B. … in Kontakt bleiben) stay (i.e: …stay in contact)
Zugang zu access to
Angesicht zu angesicht Face to face (in person)
Pausenhof recess, break etc.
Tafeln (chalk) board
Unterricht lesson
Vielfalt diversity
Selbstständig independent, self-sustaining
bieten to offer
Gar Nicht Nothing/Not at all
beitragen to contribute
Noten grades
Entweder either
Gymnasium academic secondary school
Gesamtschule comprehensive secondary school
die Macht the power
die Dienste the services
die Sendungen the programs (like TV program)
Gerät device
Fernsehen TV
Süchtig addicted
Bereits already
das Gehirn the brain
Konsument consumer
der Einfluss the influence
Unterhaltung (Unterhaltsam) entertainment (entertaining)
Nutzlos useless
Werbungen advertisement
Der Bereich/Gebiete the area/scope
Die Wirtschaft the economy
Das Unternehmen/Firmen the company/businesses
Vernetzung/Verbindung networking/connection
Global/Weltweit global/worldwide
Entwicklung/Fortschrifft development/progress
Gründe/Ursache reasons/cause
Individuen/Einzelpersonen individuals/single persons
Länder/Staaten countries/states
Verschieden/Vielfätig diverse/varied
Vor Allen/Insbesondere especially/particularly
Wachsend/Zunehmende growing/increased
Amerikanisierung Americanisation of culture and values
Digitale Revolution digital revolution
Kommunikation communication
Das Konsumverhalten/Konsum consumer behaviour/consume
Kultur culture
Organisationen organizations
Politik politic
Technologie technology
Transnationale Konzerne transnational corporations
Umwelt environment
Finanzielle Deregulierung financial deregulation
Bis zu einem gewissen Punkt ist es… To a certain extent it is…
Der Handel the trade
Bezieht sich auf… Refers to…
CO2 Ausstoß CO2 Emissions
Erhalten obtain/recieve
Beliebt popular, beloved
das Brandenburger Tor the Brandenburg Gate
Denkmal monument
Griechisches (Denkmal) Greek (Monument)
Geschichte history
Entdeckung Discovery
die Auferstehung the Resurrection
Adventskranz Advent Wreath
Fastenzeit Lent
Feier celebration
Vor before
Oster Easter
Weihnachten Christmas
Ferien holiday
Silvester New Years Eve
Öffentliche Verkehrsmittel public transportation
Zehlt tent
Freiwilliges Soziales Jahre (FSJ) voluntaring year
Gemeinschaft community
Alleinerziehend single raising (of children)
Familienmitglieder relatives/family members
der Neffe/die Nichte the nephew/the niece
der Enkel/die Enkelin the grandson/the granddaughter
Kindheit childhood
Streit argument or fight
Geshieden (Scheiden) divorced (divorce)
Einzelkind only child
die Umstände the situation
Haushalt household
Elternteil parent part/role
Regenbogenfamilie same gender parent family (gay parent family 🙂 )
Selbststandiger self sufficient
Unterstützt support
Regierung government
Geschlecht gender
Unabhängig independent
Abhängig dependent
Die erste geige spielen to play the most important role (or play the lead…?)
Verbringen spend (e.g. spend or pass time)
Verantwortlich responsible
Verbindung connection
Entwickeln develop
Erfolgreich (Erfolg) successful (success)
Aufmerksamkeit attention
Eng narrow/tight
Versogen provide
Obdachlos homeless
Vorurteile prejudice
Fließig diligent
Höflich polite
Pünklich on time; timely; etc.
Ausland abroad, foreign country
Arm (Armut) poor (poverty)
Reich rich
Ausbildung education
die Ursache the reason behind…
Arbeitslos jobless
Heimat home land
Fremdenfeindlichkeit oder Auslanderfeindlichkeit xenophobia
Herausforderung challenge
Asylverfahren asylum procedures
Maßnahmen measures
Asylbewerber Asylum Seekers
Flüchtling Refugees
Unsicherheit Uncertainty
ermöglichen To make possible
Sitten Customs/Traditions
Ernährung Nutrition
Nährstoffe Nutrients
Lebensmittel products (that you eat; groceries)
Essgewohnheit oder Essensgewohnheit eating habits
Halten Hold/Keep
Volkornprodukte Whole Grain Products
Ausgewogene Balanced
Diät diet
Mahlzeit Meal time
“Man ist was man isst.” “You are what you eat.”
Vermeiden Avoid
Folge(n) Consequence(s)
Beeinflußen Influence
Zugreifen Access
die Macht The Power
die Dienste The Services
die Sendungen The Programs (Like TV Program)
Gerät Device
Fernsehen TV
Süchtig Addicted
Bereits Already
das Gehirn The Brain
Konsument Consumer
der Einfluss The Influence
Unterhaltung (Unterhaltsam) Entertainment (Entertaining)
Nutzlos Useless
Werbungen Advertisement
Bekommen Receive/Get
Wecken Arouses
Neugierde Curiosity
Störend Disturbing