Behavioral (Learning) Approach

Introduction to Behaviorism/Learning

• Definition of Terms:

  • The term Behaviorism is often used widely in psychology.

  • The term Learning may be used interchangeably for understanding purposes.

Fundamental Principles of Behaviorism

• Core Belief:

  • Behaviorists assert that learning occurs via observable behaviors, not internal thoughts or feelings.

  • Emphasis is placed solely on what can be observed.

Example to Illustrate Behaviorism

• Inappropriate Behavior Example:

  • The middle finger gesture was used as an example of learned behavior.

  • Nature of Gesture:

    • Recognized as an inappropriate gesture sent as an insult or for expressing a strong emotion.

  • Learning Mechanism:

    • Individual was not born understanding the meaning of the gesture.

    • Learning occurs through observation and teaching:

    • Examples of learning sources include:

      • An older sibling.

      • Movies depicting the gesture.

      • Parental modeling (e.g., observing a parent making the gesture).

• Conclusion from Example:

  • Behavior is not innate; it is learned through experiences.

Focus of Behaviorism

• Observable Behaviors:

  • Behaviorists concentrate primarily on behaviors that can be seen.

  • Examples of observable behaviors include:

    • Physical actions like jumping jacks.

    • Other clear actions such as scratching an ear.

Research and Observation in Behaviorism

• Behaviorists' Research Focus:

  • Only observable actions and behaviors are relevant for studies.

  • Thoughts or internal processes are considered irrelevant.

Key Figures in Behaviorism

• Influential Behaviorists:

  • It is essential to acknowledge three pivotal figures in behaviorism:

  • Ivan Pavlov:

    • Noted for his work on classical conditioning.

  • John Watson:

    • Established foundational concepts in behaviorism.

  • B.F. Skinner:

    • Known for his contributions related to operant conditioning.

Summary of Behaviorism

• Overall Characteristics of Behaviorism:

  • Focuses on learned behaviors, observable actions, and the mechanisms of learning through observation.

  • It asserts the notion that all behavior is acquired through conditioning, negating the relevance of unobservable mental processes.