history test

Yes 👍 I’ll keep one card per question, and the FRONT will match the study guide wording exactly.

Here you go — copy/paste ready:

Napoleon to Nationalism – Flashcards (Exact Study Guide Wording)

1. Major parts of Napoleon’s Grand Empire and how he chose those who served him.
Back: The empire included France, dependent states ruled by relatives, and allied states; Napoleon chose leaders based on loyalty and ability rather than nobility.

2. Consequences of Napoleon’s defeat and the rebuilding of Europe.
Back: Monarchies were restored, borders redrawn, conservatism strengthened, and nationalism spread.

3. Achievements of the Congress of Vienna.
Back: Restored balance of power, returned monarchs to thrones, and created long-term peace in Europe.

4. Industrial Revolution starting point and why?
Back: It began in Great Britain because of natural resources, capital, stable government, and food supply.

5. Importance of James Hargreaves, James Watt, Edmund Cartwright, and Richard Trevithick.
Back: They developed machines that improved textile production and steam power.

6. Factors of urbanization and global migration.
Back: Factory jobs pulled people to cities, while poverty and opportunity caused global migration.

7. Life in the industrial working class.
Back: Long hours, low wages, unsafe working conditions, child labor, and poor housing.

8. Socialism and ideas put into practice by Otto von Bismarck.
Back: Bismarck used social welfare programs like health insurance and pensions to reduce socialist support.

9. Social classes in Spanish American colonies.
Back: Peninsulares, creoles, mestizos, mulattoes, and enslaved Africans and Indigenous peoples.

10. Downfall of the Concert of Europe.
Back: Nationalism, revolutions, and self-interest weakened cooperation between nations.

11. Italian unification.
Back: Italy unified through leadership by Cavour and Garibaldi using diplomacy and war.

12. German unification.
Back: Germany unified under Bismarck through war and strong leadership.

13. Abolitionism and emancipation.
Back: Movements to end slavery and free enslaved people.

14. Rise of nationalism.
Back: Loyalty to a nation based on shared culture, language, and history.

15. Consequences of the Industrial Revolution.
Back: Economic growth, urbanization, new social classes, pollution, and labor reforms.

Want the backs shortened even more (like 5–7 words each), or are these good for your test?