AP Psych 1.3 Definitions

Neuron: The basic unit of the nervous system, a cell that transmits nerve impulses.
Glia: Supportive cells in the nervous system that assist and protect neurons.
Threshold: The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse.
Synapse: The junction between two neurons where communication occurs via neurotransmitters.
Neurotransmitters: Chemical messengers that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.
Endorphins: Natural chemicals in the body that help relieve pain and induce feelings of pleasure.

Psychoactive Drug: A substance that alters brain function and results in changes in perception, mood, consciousness, or behavior.
Substance Use Disorder: A condition characterized by an individual’s inability to stop using a substance despite negative consequences.
Depressants: Substances that reduce activity in the CNS, often leading to relaxation and sedation.
Stimulants: Substances that increase activity in the CNS, leading to alertness and energy.
Tolerance: A state in which a person requires increasing amounts of a substance to achieve the same effect.
Addiction: A compulsive need for and use of a substance despite harmful consequences.
Withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when a person reduces or stops intake of a substance they have become dependent on.
Opioids: A class of drugs derived from the opium poppy, used for pain relief but with a high potential for addiction.