ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM CONTAINS

• Nuclear envelope

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Golgi Apparatus

• Lysosomes

• Vacuoles

• Plasma Membrane

• These are either continuous or connect each other through transfer by vesicles

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

• ER accounts for more than half the total membrane in eukaryotic cells

• ER is continuous with the nuclear envelope

• Smooth ER - Lacks Ribosomes

• Rough ER - Surface is studded with ribosomes

FUNCTION OF SMOOTH ER

• Synthesizes Lipids

• Metabolizes carbohydrates

• Detoxifies Drugs and Poisons

• Stores calcium ions

FUNCTION OF ROUGH ER

• Bound ribosomes which secrete glycoproteins

• Distributes transport vesicles, protein vesicles

• Surrounded by membrane 

• Membrane factory of the cell

LYSOSOMES 

• Membranous sac of the hydrolytic enzymes that digest macromolecules

• Lysosomal enzymes can hydrolyze proteins, fats, polysaccharides and nucleic acids 

• Works best in the acidic environment inside the lysosome 

• Lysosomes fuses the food vacuole and digests the molecules 

VACUOLES

•  Large vesicles derived from the ER and golgi apparatus 

• Food Vacuole - Created from phagocytosis

• Contractile Vacuole - Pump excess water out of the cell

• Certain vacuoles in plants and fungi carry out enzymatic hydrolysis like lysosomes

GOLGI APPARATUS 

• Golgi Apparatus consists of membranous sacs called cisternae

• Modifies products of ER

• Manufactures certain macromolecules

• Sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles