Latin 3

omnis (as a whole), i.e., Greater Gaul. 'Omnis Gaulia' would be 'All Gaul' divisus, a, um divded (predicate adjective)

unam (partem)

incolo, incolere, incolui, - (III) to inhabit Belgae, Belgarum m. pl. the Belgians

'qui ipsorum lingua' "who in the language of themselves' - "in their own language' nostra (lingua)

inter se - among themselves

differo, differre, distuli, dilatum III) to differ

Gallos - Caesar here limits the name Gauls to the natives of the central part, and this is the sense in which he usually employs the term.

Aquitani, Aquitanorum m. pl. the Aquitani (live in S. W. Gaul)

Garumna, ae f. The Garonne River; Garumna (dividit)

Matrona, ae f. The Marne River Sequana, ae f. The Seine River

Nota Bene: Garumna, Matrona et Sequana all use dividit - a singular verb because these three rivers form a single boundary.

propterea quod - (idiom phrase) for the very reason that cultus, cultus m. civilization

Nota Bene: Provinciae 'of the Province'; i.e. Gallia Transalpina, the area in southern France controlled by the Romans. Although the word, provincial is a general term, the Romans referred to this province as

"the Province". This edition uses the capital 'P' to distinguish it from other provinces. minime (adv) least of all mercator, mercatoris m. merchant, trader

commeo, are, avi, atum (I) to travel, come and go, pass

ad + accusative for the purpose of, to

effemino, are, avi, atum (I) to soften, to make into a woman pertineo, ere, pertinui, - (Il) to reach to, extend to, concern importo, are, avi, atum (I) to bring in, import Rhenus, Rheni m. the Rhine River

continenter (adv) without interruption, close together

Helvetii, Helvetiorum m. people of Gallia Lugdunensis (modern Switzerland) precedo, ere, praecessi, praecessum (III) to precede, surpass, lead, excel fere (adv) nearly cotidianus, a, um daily

Nota Bene: 'cum aut suis finibus eos prohibent' (cum + indicative verb, not preposition of suis finibus) contendo, contendere, contendi, contentum (III) to struggle, strive; hasten finis, finis m. end (pl boundaries)

eorum (Germanorum)

Wita Bey sai, bu. Were adof the paragraph - Some think that these last lines (13-21) were not

Rhodanus, Rhodana, Rhodanum the Rhone initium, initii n. entrance, beginning

attingo, attingere, attigi, attactum (III) to touch, reach, border Sequani, Sequanorum m. pl. the Sequanians

vergo, ere, vergi, - III) to incline, tilt down, turn, be situated septentriones, septentrionum m. pl. northern regions

orior, oriri, ortus sum (Deponent Verb) to rise, become visible, appear, originate

oriens, orientis m. rising sun, the East occasus, occasus m. setting, the West