Have you had gradual hearing loss or did it happen all at once?
Nursing Procedures and Considerations
Client Comfort and Safety
- Nurse's Actions to Calm the Client:
- Keep the room door wide open:
- This may provide constant stimulation from noise at the nursing station, increasing the risk for sensory overload.
- Reference: Williams, P. (2023). Basic Geriatric Nursing. (8th edition). St. Louis, Missouri. Elsevier. pp. 65, 184.
- Leave the overhead light on:
- Provides excessive light and glare, reducing the client's ability to rest.
- Turn on the bathroom light:
- A small amount of indirect lighting enables the client to identify the surroundings upon awakening, reducing confusion without excessive sensory stimulation.
- Ensure the client can easily reach the call bell:
- This safety procedure must be followed before leaving the room.
- Ask the client if he would like music therapy or massage:
- Provides relaxation, assisting in decreasing restlessness.
- Reference: Williams, P. (2023). Basic Geriatric Nursing. (8th edition). St. Louis, Missouri. Elsevier. pp. 65, 184.
Burn Assessment and Management
- Intervention for Thermal Partial Thickness Burn:
- Cool the site with cool compresses:
- Decreases pain, dries, and covers with a dry dressing.
- Reference: Harding, M., et al. (2023). Lewis's Medical-Surgical Nursing. (12th edition). St. Louis, Missouri. Elsevier. p. 497.
- Assessment for Electrical Burns:
- Possible administration of NaHCO3 to alkalinize urine; monitor for development of myoglobinuria.
- Hydrocolloid Dressing:
- This is not the initial treatment for a thermal burn.
Client Teaching for Nutritional Needs
- Feed Preparation for Clients with Diminished Taste Sensation:
- Do not mix soft foods on the plate; it does not improve taste sensation.
- Maintain mouth moisture:
- Promotes taste sensation through regular oral hygiene.
- Encourage longer chewing of food:
- Beneficial as less chewing is required for soft foods.
- Add seasonings to bland food:
- Stimulates taste buds, enhancing flavor.
- Reference: Grodner, M., et al. (2023). Nutritional Foundations & Clinical Application. (8th edition). St. Louis, Missouri. Elsevier. p. 254.
Addressing Sensory Issues in Clients
- Teaching to Reduce Problems Related to Olfactory Sensation:
- Encourage friends to cook meals for socialization:
- Cooking aromas can provoke heightened sense of smell; meals should be prepared elsewhere and delivered.
- Aromatherapy Usage:
- May worsen symptoms for clients with a heightened sense of smell.
- Encouragement of sniffing foods:
- Useful for clients with diminished sense of smell.
Factors in Burn Severity Assessment
- Factors Determining Severity of a Burn:
- Depth of burn: Critical in assessing severity.
- Extent of burn: Calculated in percentage of total body surface area (TBSA).
- Location of burn: Important factor for determining severity.
- Client risk factors: Not used to determine burn severity.
- Electrolyte values: Important but not a factor for severity assessment as imbalances can be corrected.
- Reference: Harding, M., et al. (2023). Lewis's Medical-Surgical Nursing. (12th edition). St. Louis, Missouri. Elsevier. p. 496.
Initial Assessment Using Rule of Nines
- Rule of Nines Calculation for TBSA:
- Client's hand including fingers is approximately 1% of TBSA.
- Reference: Harding, M., et al. (2023). Lewis's Medical-Surgical Nursing. (12th edition). St. Louis, Missouri. Elsevier. p. 498.
Dealing with Client's Emotional Responses
- Address Client's Angry Outburst:
- Nursing Diagnosis:
- Self-care deficit: Reflected by the fear of becoming dependent on others, impacting the performance of daily activities.
- Understanding Client's Emotions:
- Recognize the client’s fear of dependence and offer therapeutic responses.
Documentation and Legal Implications
- Documentation for Heating Pad Incident:
- Completion of Incident Report: Used to identify risk patterns; not placed in the client's chart.
- Management of Blisters: Important to document symptoms, actions taken, and follow-ups.
- Education about Malpractice:
- The nurse must meet standards of care in procedures such as heat application, especially for high-risk clients.
- Reference: Potter, P., et al. (2023). Fundamentals of Nursing. (11th edition). St. Louis, Missouri. Elsevier. pp. 337.
Home Safety Recommendations for Clients
- Key Instructions for Home Safety:
- Removal of rugs: Essential for preventing accidental trips and falls due to visual deficits.
- Importance of Explaining Rationale: Increases client compliance.
- Consultation with Eye Doctor: Unnecessary for managing throw rugs, which falls under nursing responsibilities.
Administering Medications
- Correct Eye Medication Administration:
- Pull the conjunctival sac down for eye drops: Avoid contact with the cornea.
- Inner canthus pressure: Applied lightly if systemic effects are suspected.
- Correct Direction for Eye Drops:
- Administer two drops in the right eye every 12 hours: Ensures correct dosing.
Assessing Hearing Loss
- Types of Questions to Assess Hearing Loss: