Edexcel GCSE Geography - Urbanisation Revision

Urbanisation:

• Urbanisation: a growing proportion of people living in towns and cities
• Developing countries have a higher urbanisation growth rate than developed countries
• Factors affecting urbanisation:
  • Migration
  • Natural Increase
• Push factor: a factor discouraging people from living there
  • e.g. no job opportunities
• Pull factor: a factor encouraging people to live there
  • e.g. good healthcare
• Natural Increase - when the birth rate is greater than the mortality rate
• Megacity - a city with more than 10 million residents

Sao Paulo Case Study:

• Favella: a shanty town, that usually has high crime rates, poor standard of living, and lack of sanitation
• Brazil has high traffic rates and lots of corruption
• Many children go to school but also have to work
• ‘Poor side’ and ‘rich side’ - high inequality
• Brazil is undergoing rapid urbanisation
• Top-Down Projects -
• Bottom-Up Projects -
  • Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO’s) - Provide a safe space for children to get them off the street, away from drugs and crime, and teach them useful activities

Bristol Case Study:

• Bristol is one of the world’s most sustainable cities
• It is found on the SW coast of England
• It has a lot of history as being a port
• It has a multi-cultural population due to globalisation