Urbanisation:

• Urbanisation: a growing proportion of people living in towns and cities

• Developing countries have a higher urbanisation growth rate than developed countries

• Factors affecting urbanisation:

  • Migration

  • Natural Increase

• Push factor: a factor discouraging people from living there

  • e.g. no job opportunities

• Pull factor: a factor encouraging people to live there

  • e.g. good healthcare

• Natural Increase - when the birth rate is greater than the mortality rate

• Megacity - a city with more than 10 million residents

Sao Paulo Case Study:

• Favella: a shanty town, that usually has high crime rates, poor standard of living, and lack of sanitation

• Brazil has high traffic rates and lots of corruption

• Many children go to school but also have to work

• ‘Poor side’ and ‘rich side’ - high inequality

• Brazil is undergoing rapid urbanisation

• Top-Down Projects -

• Bottom-Up Projects -

  • Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO’s) - Provide a safe space for children to get them off the street, away from drugs and crime, and teach them useful activities

Bristol Case Study:

• Bristol is one of the world’s most sustainable cities

• It is found on the SW coast of England

• It has a lot of history as being a port

• It has a multi-cultural population due to globalisation