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Edexcel GCSE Geography - Urbanisation Revision

Urbanisation:

  • Urbanisation: a growing proportion of people living in towns and cities
  • Developing countries have a higher urbanisation growth rate than developed countries
  • Factors affecting urbanisation:
    • Migration
    • Natural Increase
  • Push factor: a factor discouraging people from living there
    • e.g. no job opportunities
  • Pull factor: a factor encouraging people to live there
    • e.g. good healthcare
  • Natural Increase - when the birth rate is greater than the mortality rate
  • Megacity - a city with more than 10 million residents

Sao Paulo Case Study:

  • Favella: a shanty town, that usually has high crime rates, poor standard of living, and lack of sanitation
  • Brazil has high traffic rates and lots of corruption
  • Many children go to school but also have to work
  • ‘Poor side’ and ‘rich side’ - high inequality
  • Brazil is undergoing rapid urbanisation
  • Top-Down Projects -
  • Bottom-Up Projects -
    • Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO’s) - Provide a safe space for children to get them off the street, away from drugs and crime, and teach them useful activities

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Bristol Case Study:

  • Bristol is one of the world’s most sustainable cities
  • It is found on the SW coast of England
  • It has a lot of history as being a port
  • It has a multi-cultural population due to globalisation

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