minerals

[Definitions]

Minerals- naturally occurring solid substance made out of a single element or a combination of elements

Elements- are a pure substance made from a single type of atom are building blocks for all matter in the world

Rock- is a mixture or one mineralized

Mohs scale- the measure of hardness

Luster- how it appears under light (color)

Streak- which is color when it’s scratched the cross a surface, leaving a streak

Cleavage- if you cut a mineral in half in, it looks exactly the same wind split

Fracture- when you cut the mineral and have it turns into many tiny pieces

Naturally occurring- people did not make it

Inorganic- substance not made by an organism

Define composition- a mineral with a chemical composition that varies with range

Ordered internal structure- a atom within range repeating pattern (shape)

Characteristics of minerals

Inorganic (non living) -they have chemical make up and crystal structure, and they also have volume meaning shape. They may be rounded or rectangular.

Physical and chemical properties

Physical properties include a crystal pattern and their hardness

What qualities make a mineral?

-define chemical compensation

-Solid

-naturally occurring

-Ordered internal

Groups

First the most common is silicates

-aluminum, magnesium, iron quartz, and mica

Second, most common carbonates

- Carbon oxygen

Five physical properties of minerals

Color

Streak

Hardness

Cleavage

Fracture

What are the six chemical groups of non-silicates

Carbonates

Halides

Oxides

Sulfates

Sulfide

Facts

Feldspar makes up 50% of the earths crust

Minerals that are made out of magma or liquid raw cools turns into talc

There is approximately 4000 minerals

Corndum can change the colors of diamonds (Ruby, Sapphire eta..)

Diamond is the hardest on the scale

• Definitions

  • Minerals: Naturally occurring solid substance, single element or combination.
  • Elements: Pure substance made from a single type of atom.
  • Rock: Mixture of one or more minerals.
  • Mohs scale: Measures hardness.
  • Luster: How a mineral appears under light.
  • Streak: Color left when scratched across a surface.
  • Cleavage: Mineral splits evenly along planes.
  • Fracture: Mineral breaks into irregular pieces.
  • Naturally occurring: Not man-made.
  • Inorganic: Not made by an organism.
  • Ordered internal structure: Atoms in a repeating pattern (crystal structure).

• Characteristics of Minerals

  • Inorganic
  • Specific chemical makeup
  • Crystal structure (ordered internal structure)
  • Definite volume and shape

• Physical & Chemical Properties

  • Crystal structure and hardness are physical properties.

• Qualities of a Mineral

  • Specific chemical composition
  • Solid
  • Naturally occurring
  • Ordered internal structure
  • Inorganic

• Mineral Groups

  1. Silicates: Most common; contain silicon and oxygen (e.g., aluminum, magnesium, iron, quartz, mica).
  2. Carbonates: Second most common; contain carbon and oxygen.

• Five Physical Properties

  1. Color
  2. Streak
  3. Hardness
  4. Cleavage
  5. Fracture

• Non-Silicate Groups

  1. Carbonates
  2. Halides
  3. Oxides
  4. Sulfates
  5. Sulfides

• Facts

  • Feldspar comprises $50\%$ of Earth's crust.
  • Minerals formed from cooling magma or liquid raw material can turn into talc.
  • Approximately $4000$ minerals exist.
  • Corundum can alter diamond colors (e.g., Ruby, Sapphire).
  • Diamond is the hardest mineral on the Mohs scale.