Words
Question | Answer |
What are the four basic demonstratives in Part 1? | هَذَا = this (masculine, near) ذَلِكَ = that (masculine, far) هَذِهِ = this (feminine, near) تِلْكَ = that (feminine, far) |
When do you use هَذَا? | Use هَذَا for a nearby masculine noun. Example: هَذَا كِتَابٌ = This is a book. |
When do you use ذَلِكَ? | Use ذَلِكَ for a distant masculine noun. Example: ذَلِكَ قَلَمٌ = That is a pen. |
When do you use هَذِهِ? | Use هَذِهِ for a nearby feminine noun. Example: هَذِهِ مَدْرَسَةٌ = This is a school. |
When do you use تِلْكَ? | Use تِلْكَ for a distant feminine noun. Example: تِلْكَ سَيَّارَةٌ = That is a car. |
Where does an adjective normally come in relation to the noun? | The adjective normally comes AFTER the noun. Pattern: noun + adjective. Example: كِتَابٌ جَدِيدٌ = a new book. |
What must an adjective agree with? | The adjective must agree with the noun in gender. Masculine noun → masculine adjective. Feminine noun → feminine adjective. |
What is a common sign of a feminine noun? | A common feminine marker is ـَة / ة (tāʾ marbūṭah). Examples: مُعَلِّمَةٌ, طَالِبَةٌ, جَدَّةٌ. |
What does الـ do to a noun? | الـ makes a noun definite, meaning 'the'. Example: كِتَابٌ → الْكِتَابُ = the book. |
What happens with الـ + a moon letter? | With a moon letter, the ل of الـ is pronounced clearly. |
What happens with الـ + a sun letter? | With a sun letter, the ل of الـ is assimilated into the following letter, which takes a shaddah. |
What happens when a possessive pronoun suffix is attached to a noun? | The pronoun attaches directly to the noun. Examples: قَلَمِي = my pen; قَلَمُهُ = his pen; قَلَمُهَا = her pen. |
What happens to tanween when a possessive suffix is attached? | The noun becomes definite through the possessive suffix, so the normal indefinite tanween is not retained. |
What is the basic Idāfah (إضافة) pattern? | Possessive construction: first noun + second noun. Example: كِتَابُ رَاشِدٍ = Rashid's book / the book of Rashid. |
What does أَمَامَ mean? | in front of |
What does وَرَاءَ mean? | behind |
What does خَلْفَ mean? | behind |
What does فَوْقَ mean? | above / on top of |
What does تَحْتَ mean? | under / below |
What does بِجَانِبِ mean? | beside / next to |
What does عِنْدَ mean? | at / with |
What does عِنْدِي mean? | I have / with me |
What does عِنْدَكَ mean? | you have / with you (male) |
What does عِنْدَكِ mean? | you have / with you (female) |
What does عِنْدَهُ mean? | he has / with him |
What does عِنْدَهَا mean? | she has / with her |
How is عِنْدَ used to express 'have'? | عِنْدَ + attached pronoun can express possession or 'with'. Example: عِنْدِي كِتَابٌ = I have a book. |
What does فِي mean? | in / at |
What happens to a noun after فِي? | The noun after فِي takes the kasrah ending (ـِ). Example: فِي الْمَسْجِدِ = in the mosque. |
What does مَا mean? | what |
What does مَنْ mean? | who |
What does أَيْنَ mean? | where |
What does كَيْفَ mean? | how |
What does هَلْ do in a question? | هَلْ introduces a yes/no question, such as 'Is...?' or 'Do...?' |
What does مَاذَا mean? | what / what... |
What does مَا هَذَا؟ mean? | What is this? (masculine) |
What does مَنْ هَذَا؟ mean? | Who is this? |
What does أَيْنَ الرَّجُلُ؟ mean? | Where is the man? |
What does كَيْفَ حَالُكَ؟ mean? | How are you? |
What does هَلْ هُوَ فِي الْبَيْتِ؟ mean? | Is he in the house? |
What does مَاذَا فِي الْحَقِيبَةِ؟ mean? | What is in the bag? |