Structural voice disorders:

• nodules

  • bilateral

  • usually anterior 1/3 to 2/3 of vocal folds

  • callus-like growths

  • caused by: phonotramua

  • in children: mostly males

  • in adults: almost exclusively females

  • treatment: voice therapy

• polyps

  • unilateral blood or fluid filled blister

  • contralateral lesion

  • not as deep as nodules

  • caused by: phonotrauma, coughing, URI, NSAIDS, menstrual cycle

  • sudden onset

  • treatment: voice therapy and/or surgery

• LRP/GERD

  • lesion near the arytenoid cartilages

  • Caused by: reflux, GERD becomes LRP when it comes up the esophagus and enters larynx

• Granuloma

• Reinke’s Edema

• Carcinoma

• Papiloma

• Hemorrhage

• Cyst

• Web

Functional Voice Disorders

• Muscle tension dysphonia

• Mutational falsetto

• Paradoxical vocal cord dysfunction

Neurological voice disorders

• Vocal fold paralysis

• Bowing

• Vocal tremor

• Spasmodic dysphonia

• Respiratory dystonia

• Secondary to other